Linguistic roles and message function in Nahj al-Balagheh letters based on Roman Jakobson's communicative pattern

The communicative theory is one of the subjects discussed in the language pragmatics that language and its applied methods in the communication process are investigated. In this process, there are six-part elements, of which the two elements, the addresser or the composer, as well as the addressee, are key elements, without which communication is meaningless. The addresser uses common codes between himself/herself and the addressee to transpose a message about something beyond the context and through a specific communicative circuit to the addressee. A message whose function in the context is measured according to the intention of the user of the language, namely the addresser. In Jakobson's view, the role and function of language will be different if the message, as the center of gravity, is addressed to each of the elements involved in the communication process. By adapting this diagram to Nahj al-Balaghah's letters, in addition to determining the linguistic functions in different contexts, the present study tries to investigate the effect of the addresser's intention and the type of message addressee on the language function. For this purpose, four letters that were sent in different contextual situations, and addressed to different receivers were selected by descriptive-analytical and statistical methods compared to their linguistic functions. The result of this comparison signifies although specifying linguistic functions in context clarifies the addresser of the message, it does not present a thorough analysis of the text.