Presenting the model of a safe urban road networkbased on the passive defense principles in order toimprove city resilience against human-made crisiscase study: 12th region of Tehran

One of the most important issues in the cities is the crisis management and resilience of the cities against theHuman-made crises such as war and terror. Transportation network as the vital artery of the city plays a vibrantrole in reducing vulnerability and facilitating crisis management in the city, such as proper access to residential tissues,emergency evacuation of neighborhoods, access to vital emergency relief centers and military centers. Hence, It seemsnecessary for cities to design a secure urban network includes a set of interconnected passages that have low vulnerabilityto crisis, while also linking residential blocks, relief and rescue centers, military and Law Enforcement Centersand the bases of the entrance and exit of urban areas uninterrupted. The above mentioned network will maintain itsaccountability after the crisis, and relief and military efforts will not be disrupted by this, As a result, city preparednessfor attacks and riots will increase. This research was conducted with the aim of defining the Secure network ofurban roads and describing its features and methods of designing it in urban textures as well as operating it in the District12 of Tehran. To design the safe network of the District 12, firstly, the existing status passages based on 9 indicators includingconfinement, access to relief centers, access to green spaces and open spaces, access to military and law enforcementcenter, passage widths, traffic conditions, Class height, building quality, and types of landuse by IHWP method and GISsoftware techniques were analyzed from the perspective of crisis vulnerability. In the next step, passages with low vulnerabilityand appropriate access to critical crisis management menus were selected as the main constituents of the securenetwork and by doing some actions, the network structure and its interconnection were also provided. In the end, with theaim of maintaining the safety and resilience of the network in the long run, some rules were developed that would only beenforceable on safe network passages.