Meta-Analysis of Studies of the Causes of Football Spectator’s Riots in Iran

The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the studies of the factors and reasons affecting the riots of Iranian football spectators. The research method was a meta-analysis. The statistical population included all reported research in the field of investigating the factors influencing the aggression and disturbances of football fans from 2004 to 2019. Among the statistical population, 17 studies that had criteria for entering the meta-analysis were selected through a census method as a research sample. A total of 97 research hypotheses were extracted from research samples and categorized in three categories: individual, football and environmental-managerial factors, and entered the process of meta-analysis. CMA2 and SPSS software were used to analyze the collected data separately. The results using the random effects model showed that the overall effect size of all the effective factors in soccer disturbances is r = 0.252 (p <0.05). Also, according to the results, the effect size of the management factors was r =0.32, the individual factors r = 0.2 and the factors related to soccer were r = 0.169. All effects were moderately evaluated according to Cohen.