مجله مطالعات مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 64 (بهمن و اسفند 1399)

This study examined the effect of exchange rate volatility on trade balance sports sector in selected countries in the MENA. For this purpose, the export and import data of sports goods of 11 selected countries of Mena were collected during the period 2000-2018, which was from the website of the World Trade Center. The purpose of this study is applied research and descriptive-analytical in terms of research method. Data on exports and imports of goods and MENA selected countries of the World Trade Center site were collected. The statistics of variables related to countries GDP per capita, world GDP per capita and real exchange rate are also collected from the World Bank. Then, panel data methods such as fixed effects techniques, random effects and flexible squares were tried to select the best estimation model to interpret and present the results. Finally, after reviewing the necessary statistics, the final model was selected to interpret the results with the help of EViews version 9 software. The results showed that variables of real exchange rate logarithm, per capita GDP and world GDP logarithm have significant effect on logarithm of sport trade balance in MENA countries. Therefore, formulating appropriate policies to reduce dependence on imports of sports products and proper planning to improve the industry is necessary.

The increasing spread of betting on the Internet and the creation of many individual and social problems have caused concerns in the community for people involved in this factor. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to study the factors affecting the tendency of people to bet online in sports and provide a solution. The method of the present study was applied in terms of type, correlation and purpose, and in the qualitative method of interview with open coding method and in quantitative method by questionnaire. The statistical population of the qualitative section was 12 elites by snowball method and 367 people in the quantitative method. According to Cochran's formula, the number of statistical samples included 188 relevant specialists and experts in the field of religious, social, sports and economics in 2019. Also, the sampling method was simple random field and field sampling. In this study, a researcher-made questionnaire (sports betting) was used to evaluate the variables and its content and face validity were confirmed by 12 elites and its reliability was obtained by using Cronbach's alpha test of 0.83. SPSS software and structural equation modeling in PLS software were used for data analysis.

The results showed that according to t values ​​greater than 1.96, the most important components in the tendency of people to bet online were economic need with a correlation of 0.85 and the impact of environment and society with a correlation of 0.82. Also, more monitoring of Internet sites with 0.82 correlation was identified as the most important factor. According to the research results, economic needs and environmental impacts are the most important factors in the intellectual orientation of young people towards generating income through betting sites, and the weakness of the country regarding these sites is low monitoring.

One of the issues that affect the lives of the elderly is exercise, which plays an important role in the physical and mental health of the elderly. The aim of this study is to analyze the key factors affecting the situation of senior sports in Iran for the next 20 years. This research is applied in terms of purpose, in terms of descriptive-analytical method of futures research. Theoretical data were prepared by documentary method and experimental data by survey-Delphi method. The statistical population is experts and specialists in the field of geriatric sports, 20 of whom have been selected by purposive sampling. Delphi methods, cross-sectional analysis and Mic Mac software were used to analyze the obtained information. The results of this study showed that the distribution of key variables affecting the future status of senior sports in Iran have an unstable system and among the 49 factors studied, 10 long-term planning factors in line with the changes and population pyramid, more attention to the position of the elderly, Elderly sports, development of senior sports culture, Iran's economic situation (sanctions), modeling of successful countries in the field of senior sports, support of public and private bodies, planning and providing human resources for senior sports, creating an organ for the elderly and developing the organization NGOs and social support networks have been selected as key factors influencing the state of senior sports in Iran for the next 20 years. Most of these key factors were in the group of independent and influential variables.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the service quality in scientific journals of sport sciences and the researcher satisfaction by path analysis. Also, 345 researchers were selected as the statistical sample by systematic random sampling. In this research, researcher-made questionnaires of the service quality in scientific journals and researcher satisfaction were used as data collection tool whose validity has been confirmed and their reliability was 0.91 and 0.94, respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods (Spearman correlation coefficient and structural equation model) were used for data analysis. The results showed that service quality of scientific journals has positive and significantly effects on the researcher satisfaction. Also, the subscales of response speed, executive structure, trustworthiness and updating had significant effect on the researcher satisfaction, but personnel did not have a significant effect on the researcher satisfaction. According to the results of this research, the increase in the service quality of scientific journals leads to researcher satisfaction which can have positive consequences for the journals such as receive more quality article.

Inflation uncertainty is one of the important economic variables which affects macroeconomic variables including growth and production. So, the aim of this research is to study inflation rate uncertainty and its short and long run effects on the sport production during the years 1991-2017. On the other hand, the study population was Iran and we used the ARCH and GARCH model to obtain inflation uncertainty and Johansen Juselius cointegration test to determine the long run relationship among variables. The model was estimated using autoregressive distributed lag method. The eviews 10 was used to analyze data. The results show that inflation uncertainty has a negative small effect on sport production in the short run and a negative larger effect in the long run. In addition, government sport expenditures both in the short run and in the long run have had the most impact on the sport production compared with other variables, consistently with expectations. This shows the high importance of fiscal policy in the sport sector and policy makers should pay more attention to it. The liquidity variable has also had a negative impact on the sport production both in the short run and in the long run with less impact compared with other variables. Household sport expenditures have had significant negative and positive effects on the sport production in the short run and in the long run respectively. Cointegration test results show that there has been a long run equilibrium relationship among variables.

This research aims to prioritizing new usable technologies in sports facilities with an emphasis on reducing energy consumption. Mixed research method (qualitative and quantitative) has used in this study. The population of the study was 50 of experts that had studies in areas of sport facilities, energy engineering, Civil Engineering and the environment. Sample was equal with population. In the qualitative section, qualitative interviews have conducted with 11 experts. In quantitative section, AHP researcher-made questionnaire by Behingostar software have used to data collection. Findings of the qualitative analysis showed that the new usable technologies used in sports facilities with the emphasis of the reduction of energy consumption have divided into the three main indexes of the new technologies reducing water (6 item), power (9 item) and Gas (9 item) consumption. Building management system was the most important technology in reducing power and gas consumption (relative weight 0.30 and 0.29) in sport facilities. Future bath showers (relative weight 0.32) were most important technology in reducing water consumption. Therefore, due to the limited availability of energy resources in the country, managers of sports facilities have to step in order to benefit these technologies to develop sustainable sports facilities in the future.

The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the studies of the factors and reasons affecting the riots of Iranian football spectators. The research method was a meta-analysis. The statistical population included all reported research in the field of investigating the factors influencing the aggression and disturbances of football fans from 2004 to 2019. Among the statistical population, 17 studies that had criteria for entering the meta-analysis were selected through a census method as a research sample. A total of 97 research hypotheses were extracted from research samples and categorized in three categories: individual, football and environmental-managerial factors, and entered the process of meta-analysis. CMA2 and SPSS software were used to analyze the collected data separately. The results using the random effects model showed that the overall effect size of all the effective factors in soccer disturbances is r = 0.252 (p <0.05). Also, according to the results, the effect size of the management factors was r =0.32, the individual factors r = 0.2 and the factors related to soccer were r = 0.169. All effects were moderately evaluated according to Cohen.

The aim of the present study was to identify effective solutions to exit from the financial helplessness of sports delegations of Khorasan Razavi province. The present study is a qualitative research with an analytical nature and is a type of applied research that was performed by interpretive structural method. The data collection tools were research, documentary studies, interviews and Delphi Questionnaire. The statistical population of the study included experts in this field, of which 25 people were selected as the target in each part of the study as a sample. An interpretive structural model (ISM) was also used to analyze the data. Finally, 33 indicators affecting the financial helplessness of Khorasan Razavi sports delegations were identified and in 5 dimensions of management solutions, economic activities, legal solutions, marketing activities and educational and executive activities were placed in 3 levels is identified That The legal solution was identified as the third level of the model. As a result, in order to get out of financial helplessness, sports delegations must pay special attention to the legal solution to provide the ground for the emergence and realization of other factors at the top levels of the model, Also, paying attention and focusing on the leveled solutions in the present study can be an effective move in solving the financial problems of sports delegations.

Sports sponsorship is one of the important methods of investment in sports. It is also one of the main axes of sports marketing, under which the events are organized and supported. This study aimed to investigate and analyze the participation of sponsors in football events based on the model of financial support motivation matrix. This is a qualitative study based on Glaser's grounded theory. Therefore, semi-structured interviews and purposeful snowball sampling were used to collect data. In total, 15 university professors, experts in the sports sponsorship, and organizations sponsoring sports event (football) were interviewed. The theoretical pattern of this study was obtained from the responses to the 9-question interview and after completing open, selective, and theoretical coding stages. The study defined four external, internal, opportunistic, and humanitarian dimensions of motivational components, and data were inserted in a two-dimensional matrix based on an analytical process. Data analysis indicated that factors being studied and the motivations questioned in the interviews had two or more priorities, so that motivations related to external and opportunistic dimensions were mentioned as the first priority, and internal and humanitarian motivations were considered as the second priority. Thus, the sports managers and political-economic leaders of Iran are recommended to pay special attention to the development and targeting of financial support in order to strengthen the relationship between sponsors and sports.

The purpose of this research was to identify and rank the factors influencing co- branding between Manufacturers of sports equipment and Football Clubs of Iran Pro League. The present study was a qualitative-quantitative research. The statistical population of this study consisted of sports marketing management experts, CEO of Football Clubs and CEO of manufacturers of sports equipment. Of these, 16 persons collaborated with the researcher and made the Delphi Research Panel. In this study, Fuzzy Delphi method was used to identify the factors affecting co-branding between clubs and sports equipment manufacturers. According to the Delphi Panel, the identified factors were categorized into 4 main factors with 19 components as follows: brand management (enhancing brand value, utilizing the knowledge and experience of partner brands in the area of brand management, brand positioning, brand identity, brand equity and brand image), relationship between partners (satisfaction, mutual trust, commitment, shared interests, reliability to creative and innovative product and strategies), marketing factors (marketing mix, market positioning, competitive advantage and entry into new domestic markets) and supportive factors (copyright law, contracts and social media). Hierarchical decision making (AHP) and Expert Choice software were used to prioritize the factors co- branding. Accordingly, among the components of the research, marketing with a relative weight of 0.441, is the most important influencing factor and after that, the relationship between partners (0.29), brand management (0.152) and support factors (0.172), respectively. Also, according to the obtained compatibility rate (0.05), the validity of this information has been confirmed. Therefore, it can be inferred from the results that the use of the results obtained in this research can be a way for future management of football clubs.

The general purpose of this study was to explain the mediating role of social loafing in the effect of abusive supervision on the club turnover intention in professional athletes. This descriptive-correlational study was conducted in a sample including 317 men from professional athletes. To collect data, the Eschleman et al. abusive supervision, the Høigaard et al. Social Loafing, and the Bothma & Roodt club turnover intention questionnaires were used. Analyze of data and confirmatory factor analysis were done in PLS and descriptive statistics were done in SPSS software's.The results showed that abusive supervision directly and significantly explained changes in social loafing (64%) as well as the club turnover intention (54%); and also, the social loafing directly and significantly explained changes in the club turnover intention (61%). Also, the abusive supervision indirectly and significantly-through the mediation of social loafing variable- explained changes in the club turnover intention (39%); it is concluded that the social loafing variable mediates the relationship between abusive supervision and the club turnover intention in professional players. According to the results of the present study, the style of leadership and management of sports clubs have a significant impact on the players' behavior. Therefore, paying attention to the style of the club's supervision can prevent the players from having unfavorable behaviors such as social loafing, improve their performance, and prevent them from leaving the club.

The aim of this study is designing the performance assessment model for sports complex building projects contractors. The method is practical of the correlation-descriptive type. In this study the effective parameters on the performance of sports complex building contractors were identified based on the dimensions of the balanced scorecard (financial section, costumer section, internal affairs, learning and growth), through library research and Delphi method. In the second stage, in order to gather data from experts (sports complex building projects contractors), field research was utilized. Then, the weight of each criterion (balanced scorecard dimension) was determined using the FAHP method based on the viewpoint of the construction managers and experts and sports complex building projects contractors, and was considered to be the input for the Fuzzy VIKOR method. Finally, using the fuzzy VIKOR method and implementation in MATLAB software, the weight for each factor was determined. The results of the factor weight determination and the prioritizing of effective factors shows that among the factors, skill and adequate knowledge in estimating the actual cost in the initial contract, contractor previous experience and performance, making use of an expert technical force, abiding by quality and technical principals, using up to date tools and facilities in the project, were ranked one to five.