Study of clay mineralogy of soil in different parent material in the southern basin of Urmia Lake in Miandoab city

According to the environmental crisis of the last two decades and the drying of some parts of the Urmia Lake and its impact on the surrounding agricultural lands, this study aimed to identify minerals in soils in different parent materials in order to understand the interaction of soils with parent materials and to predict their change trends. Twenty six soil profiles were described on different parent material and thirteen were selected as index profiles and studied precisely. Clay mineralogy results indicated the presence of clay minerals of illite, smectite, chlorite, kaolinite, vermiculite and palygorskite in this area.The presence of palygorskite in the profiles had two origins, pedogenic and inherited from parent material. Also, kaolinite and chlorite minerals are inherited from parent materials due to the lack of conditions for pedogenic formation. Illite was inherited in most soils and in profiles with agricultural use, potassium adsorption was carried out by expanded minerals and formed the illite on the soil surface. The origin of smectite was also pedogenic in some soils of this region, probably due to illite weathering, and in others it was hereditarym, Because they have also been observed in their parent rocks.Vermiculites in this area were also often of pedogenic origin and are derived from mica and chlorite. The results showed that different parent materials have a high effect on soil physicochemical and the amount of minerals in this area.