Investigative, Border, and Police Interactions in Combating Human Trafficking and Illegal Immigrants Looking at Iran's Security Agreements with Other Countries

Crimes such as human trafficking and the smuggling of migrants for illegal border crossings are transnational and global crimes. The context of dealing with these crimes clarifies that effective struggle requires cooperation and coordination between countries, especially neighboring countries. This research, with the aim of comparative study and legal discourse of this type of agreement, in addition to international conventions, which the most important is the Palermo Convention, has studied bilateral and multilateral agreements that play an essential role in security and police cooperation between countries. The method of the present study is descriptive-analytical, which examines documents and security agreements and texts of international conventions and then analytically compares the provisions of these documents and the strengths and weaknesses of each of them. The findings show that the conclusion of bilateral agreements is a guarantee for greater and more effective cooperation and coordination of countries than conventions and other international laws. And the most effective type of cooperation is the security agreements concluded between the countries, which is an essential step in the fight against human and migrant trafficking. The present study results indicate that the effective fight against human and migrant trafficking as an example of transnational organized crime requires technical, educational, research, border, police, and intelligence cooperation between countries. Also, just concluding these agreements is not enough, and the most critical challenge is to implement these agreements and make them effective. This requires de-escalating tensions with other countries, especially neighboring ones, and establishing good diplomatic relations with other countries; otherwise, the treaty countries will refuse to implement the agreement for various reasons.