Recognizing the theoretical patterns of the presence of families as spectators in the stadium

The presence of families in the stadium is a problem on which there are different opinions; therefore, the present study was conducted to identify and analyze the theoretical patterns of the presence of families as spectators in the stadium.

The present applied research was performed using Q methodology which is a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative stage, after interviewing experts, reading scientific articles, news reports, etc., a discourse space was formed. Then Q cards were prepared and 88 people from the discourse space were selected by purposive sampling to participate in the research. Data were also analyzed using cluster analysis.

The results showed that there are four patterns of opinion regarding families in the stadium: 1- Preventing false international attacks against the country 2- Improving the culture of spectators, improving the quality of competitions, participation and social satisfaction of women 3- The possibility of families attending the stadium subject to Providing facilities and infrastructure 4- Inadequate stadium environment for the presence of families and incompatibility with religious and cultural teachings

Based on the identified theoretical models, three theoretical models agree with the presence of families in the stadium and the fourth theoretical model generally opposes the presence of families in the stadium.