The Explanation and Analysis of the Components of Family Social Capital in the Qur'an With an Emphasis on Marital Relationships

The main point in social capital is “relationship.” As the first place in which the human experiences committed relationship, family has a key role in the production of social capital. The main purpose of this study was to carry out an analysis of the family social capital as represented in the Qur’ān with an emphasis on the marital relationships and its classification into cognitive, structural, and relational factors. This was approached through a qualitative approach, i.e., a thematic analysis of the qur’ānic verses. The cognitive factor was found to be formed based on the mental models of the individuals guided by their perceptions about the purpose of the relationship between man and woman. From the viewpoint of the Qur’ān, this purpose is the attainment of peacefulness and the continuation of the human species existence. This paves the ground for convergence and the tendency to having relationship as a couple. Coupleness is the structural factor of family social capital. In the Qur’ān, coupleness is said to have three types, i.e., illegitimate coupleness, friendly coupleness, and marital coupleness. Only the third type is corroborated by the Qur’ān and the other two forms are prohibited by it. The continuation of the coupleness structure depends on the communicative factors of “amity” and “grace” as the two main factors in the organization of the couple’s mutual behaviors. Amity means showing affection and grace means kind efforts to remove the shortcomings and lacks of the other parts.