Pathology of Multi-Layered Significance Transfer in the Interpretation of Hafez Poems Based on Catford's Theory of Formal Changes (Case Study of Al-Shawarbi and Abbas Zulaikha Translations(

Translation, as one of the leading means of transmitting cultures among nations, is a challenging field in the field of comparative literature. The existence of multiple layers of meaning between the main and virtual meanings of poetic words and the unfamiliarity of translators with the semantic rotation between words and meanings in verses prevent the correct transmission of poets’ thoughts to the audience in literary texts. Among the famous Iranian poets, the translation of Hafez's poems, due to the interpretability of existing concepts and lexical localization, requires the translator to be more careful in his intellectual layers, cultural requirements, and religious beliefs. This research is based on the descriptive-analytical method and investigates the pathology of translating multi-layered concepts of words and poetic idioms of Hafez in the Arabic translations of "Ibrahim Amin Al-Shawarbi" and "Ali Abbas Zuleikha" according to Catford's theory of formal changes in the lexical, grammatical, omission, and addition sections. The results of this research show the complete failure of the above-mentioned translators in translating the multi-layered meanings of Hafez's poetic terms, and the neglect of paying attention to the semantic rotations of the terms has been identified as the main cause of this issue.