Conceptual Model for Place in Concordance the Feature of Space and Time (Case Study: Imamzadeh Yahya Tehran)

With the emergence of new urban planning ideas in the present century, thoughts about the construction and design of cities have returned to their complex nature, and urban paradigms have always invited people to think and reflect. Urban design is always considered an interdisciplinary science in four dimensions. The dimension of time as a fourth dimension, also emphasized by philosophers in the process of understanding the symmetry of different spatial dimensions, has often been ignored. Urban design based on the space-time paradigm has become one of the new paradigms of urban planning due to its complex concept and the ongoing nature of time. So that design has led to the preservation of time for citizens, and the liberation of space from time constraints has become one of the urban design principles. Also, the city is constantly changing, and the rate of change is different, and this difference is due to the time of change at different times in the city. Therefore, considering the comprehensive changes in the current urban spaces and places, it is important to get acquainted and pay attention to time features. Accordingly, attention to the space-time paradigm can be considered a missing link in urban design, and achieving a framework that clarifies the relationship between place and time and space seems necessary. With a phenomenological approach and a fundamental purpose, this paper introduces the features of place in spaces and urban places. As an example, religious spaces (for the purpose of research) will be considered the main concern. After stating the features of place, the relationship between the two features of time and space (directly) are introduced as the basic elements for understanding the general place and representing the mind (indirectly) for the meaning of spaces and events. Finally, these questions are answered: "What are the space-time indicators and components of the place?; In which order do they play a role in concordance with the place?"

Regarding the research purposes, it is necessary to collect and evaluate both quantitative and qualitative data and go through a reciprocal process in the research, so a mixed research method has been used in this study. First, to explain the place features, in the qualitative part of the research, in-depth and purposeful interviews were conducted in Imamzadeh Yahya in District 12 of Tehran. Therefore, the qualitative variables of the environment were discovered at different times. Then, the obtained indices were categorized by the exploratory factor analysis method and with SPSS software to quantify the data.

The research findings indicate that the space-time indicators in Imamzadeh Yahya, as a special urban place, are validated and prioritized in the form of three main components that are affected by the conformity and impact and interaction of the proposed indicators. These components include "sensory-personal," "behavioral-functional," and "physical-environmental" components. According to this classification, the three indicators of space, time, and mind interact with each other to interpret urban places in the cognitive perception cycle of the place. New concepts emerge when these indicators converge; each of which can carry a set of emotions in people at different times.

The results show that sensory sparks are representations or mediators of place that can add value to the place. Meanwhile, the representation of time creates a feeling in the person. The richness of this feeling is influenced by the amount of change in spatial and mental factors. The harmony of all the factors of place creation is very effective in building a thriving urban place. The effect of such harmony and sequence between the components of an urban place acts as a harmonious melody in the heart of the city. If these elements are correctly put together, a pleasant sound will be heard, and its sequence and back and forth cannot be distinguished and recognized. In this context, it seems that considering time as one of the main indicators of place will bring new capabilities in dealing with urban issues.