Investigation of bone marrow stem cells differentiation to neurons on magnetic nanoparticles gelatin/polylactic-co-glycolic acid scaffolds by freezed casting and freezed drying methods

Differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) has studied in different cell lines. Variety of biochemical and topographic signaling could influence and change cells differentiation and proliferation of a special cell line. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential differentiating of BMMSC to neuronal-like cells.

Freezed casting and freezed drying scaffolds of gelatin/polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) with iron nanoparticles (MNPs) and without iron nanoparticles (MNPs-free) was used as a three-dimensional topographic structure. BMMSC differentiation to neuronal-like cells by neurogenic culture was done in 20 days. BMMSC proliferation was studied by MTT assay. Gene expression of specific neuronal markers was studied by immunohistochemistry methods. In this study, one-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey and Mann-Whitney nonparametric tests were used. 

Gelatin PLGA- MNP freezed casting scaffold containing Fe nanoparticles provides a suitable structure for differentiation into neuron-like cells. The results of cell survival (Mean 0.7600 and standard deviation 0.02000 after 72 hours) and gene expression (Mean 79.00 and standard deviation 1.000) showed that the rate of cell proliferation on freezed casting scaffolds containing nanoparticles is higher than that of freezed drying scaffolds (P<0.001).

Freezed casting gelatin PLGA-MNP scaffold could be an appropriate choice for repair and regeneration of nervous system.