Rhetorical criticism of Syria country through the ideological criticism approach from the perspective of “Sonia Foss”

Rhetorical criticism is a critical movement developed in ancient Greece. This criticism is broadly divided into two periods, traditional and modern. In the traditional period it is only a method of criticism based on the five canons of Aristotle's rhetoric of invention, arrangement, style, memory, and delivery, and is now called the New Aristotelian criticism, but in the new era and in the twentieth century and the advent of new theorists it has evolved from a critical approach to a critical movement with many perspectives, of which the New Aristotelian criticism is only one of them. Ideological criticism, as one of the most famous of these perspectives, examines the overt and covert ideological elements in a work to explain its communicative functions and reveals its hegemonic ideology. One of the most important genres in depicting Ideological beliefs is national anthem. The national anthem, as a patriotic song that supports the culture and represents the identity of a nation, plays an important role in the credibility and unity of a nation. Accordingly, the present study aims to do a rhetorical criticism of the national anthem of Syria as a country with a strategic position and a varied and rich civilization history with a descriptive-analytical approach from Sonja. Foss’ viewpoint so as to investigate ideological influence factors in this anthem through overt and covert linguistic artifacts, vocabulary, and music.