Mukata’a system and its financial consequences in the Ottoman government (11-13 AH/ 17-19 AD)

Mukata’a (contracting) was the basis of the financial organization of Ottoman Government in the last centuries . When the number of victories decreased and Timar system collapsed,it was replaced by Mukata’a which led to certain changes in the financial system of the Ottoman government. Mukata’a was the most important source of income of the treasury. In order to overcome financial and tax collection problems, the government spread out the practice Mukata’a all over its lands and made the required changes. Among the most influential people of Mukata’a were the Sipahis( Sepah members), Biglerbegi, and non-Muslim wealthy fellows. (The opulent rich) Due to some changes in the methods of Mukata’a systems in some provinces, excessive tax collection, Barat setting and improper collection, The authoritieschr('39') contumacious actions, and Oppressing the subjects caused a great social dissatisfaction specifically among the farmers, consequently playing an important role in the decline of Ottoman Empire. The present research aims at studying the transformations of Mukata’a systems, its functions and the role of contractors in the central Ottoman Government, and what caused the decline of Practicing Mukata’a throughout the Ottoman Empire employing the Descriptive-Analytic method and critical approach.