A comparative study of the problem of evil in Islam and Christianity with emphasis on the views of Ayatollah Mesbah and Alvin Plantinga

In Islamic and Christian philosophy and theology, different methods and views have been proposed in response to the issue of evil and divine justice. In this research, the views of two Islamic and Christian philosophers and theologians, Mr. Alvin Plantinga and Ayatollah Mesbah Yazdi, are discussed. These two personalities, with two different but rational and sometimes intra-religious approaches, have researched the problem of evil and answered the suspicion of the incompatibility of the existence of natural and moral evil with the existence of an absolute perfect God. Based on refined epistemology, the design of possible worlds, and arbitrary defense, Plantinga proved that the claim of a contradiction between the logical question of evil and the existence of God is incorrect. Ayatollah Mesbah, while accepting the solutions of Muslim philosophers, did not consider these answers sufficient and emphasized the solution of teleology or the perfection and happiness of all human actions. The two thinkers, in principle, believe in the absolute perfect God and emphasize the authority of man as a maximum good, and disagree on the method and type of confrontation with the theory of justice and divine wisdom.