نشریه کلام اسلامی
پیاپی 124 (زمستان 1401)

The popular opinion among Islamic scholars is that most of God's prophets were men and God did not choose any woman to be a prophet. The proof of this point of view is the Quranic verses and Islamic traditions. Some have claimed the position of prophethood for a number of women by citing some verses and traditions, but what is obtained from those evidences is prophetic prophecy, not legislative prophecy, which is intended as a theological and religious issu. According to the famous view, the suspicion of incompatibility with God's justice has been raised and based on it, the divine origin of prophethood has been denied. In this article, by using the method of reporting and analysis (narrative and reason), the evidence of the famous point of view has been expressed and the doubt has been answered by explaining the philosophy of assigning prophecy to men.

The combination of effective monotheism on the one hand and the free will of human beings and the mediation of the means of flow in the universe on the other hand, are two important problems in the issue of practical monotheism, and the way we look at these two problems and questions directly affects our attitude towards the universe and even our actions. Meanwhile, the combination of effective monotheism and the mediation of the Fayd media was less analyzed and investigated, and was considered completely impossible by some Shiite opponents. This article, using the descriptive analytical method, first explained the six proofs of verbal monotheism, and explained that this evidence in no way denies the true mediation of God’s guardians, and that the guardian truly plays a role during God’s activity and with His permission. Then, by analyzing the four meanings of delegation, separating acceptable delegation from its unacceptable types. Of course, in the meantime many problems have been answered, such as those related to the longitudinal theory of effectiveness.

An important problem in modern cosmology is the universe's fine tuning, anthropic principle and their relations with explanation of the world. A plenty of thinkers and physicists agree with the theistic explanation and a few of them, suggest the multiverse theory as an alternative one. The present issue is to study and evaluate this suggestion through a rational analytical method. The result is that the multiverse, as an alternative explanation of the world, is affected by several objections. It lacks scientific standards such as clarity, experimental verification, falsifiability, simplicity, predictability; as consisting of some ambiguities and additional presuppositions. The mentioned idea, on the other hand, is objected to by several fallacies like the inverse gambler's fallacy and Boltzmann brain paradox. In addition, not only is not the multiverse an alternative of Divine explanation of the world, but is completely concordant with it. The theistic explanation of the world is prefered by several aspects, such as simplicity, rational justification and inclusive horizon of explanation. Besides, it is inevitable, for the multiverse, like the universe theory of the world.

Those who believe in the historicity of the Qur'an consider the historical, human and time-spatial conditions and situations of the age of revelation to be effective in the formation of the Qur'an and express this view according to several bases. Belief in the limitations of man and his understanding, even if he is the Holy Prophet, and his central role in the production of the Holy Qur'an, is the basis of the anthropology of the historicity of the Qur'an. This article, after stating the Qur'an-cognitive tools of this base, which humanizes the Qur'an and introduces errors and mistakes in it, and leads to the invalidity of the comprehensiveness and dubiousness of the Qur'an's authority, has dealt with extra-religious and intra-religious criticism of these tools. According to the evidence, the Holy Quran is a heavenly book that was revealed to guide people throughout history, and the Prophet of Islam received and communicated the divine revelation by connecting to the Supreme Kingdom without any mistakes. Therefore, according to the principle of effectiveness and ability of the Holy Qur'an, the immortality and universality of the Holy Qur'an, its comprehensiveness and authority are proved. Through these materials, the transcendental and transcendental knowledge of the Prophet (PBUH) is proven, and his nobleness and existence surrounding the world of possibility is explained. Therefore, any influence of their environmental, cultural and historical conditions is ruled out.

Muhammad Baqir bin Muhammad Taqi - known as Allameh Majlisi - was a jurist, hadith, and one of the great theologians of Isfahan School in the 11th century of Hijri, who has opinions and works in various intellectual and narrative sciences. Theology is one of the sciences in which Allameh Majlesi has specialized and has researched and authored its issues according to the needs of his age, and has created numerous works on this knowledge and presented it to the society of his age. The findings of this research indicate that Allameh Majlisi is among the theologians who have a rational-narrative approach. He paid attention to other sciences such as logic, philosophy, epistemology, Quran and hadith, history, interpretation and principles of jurisprudence and used them in his theological debates. Among the other prominent features of Allameh Majlesi's theological method is quoting the opinions and viewpoints of other theological sects - especially Ash'ari and Mu'tazila - as well as quoting the opinions of philosophers, theologians, commentators and historians.