Requirements for online exams in the medical education system during the Covid-19 epidemic: A conceptual framework

The aim of the present study was to provide a conceptual framework for the requirements of online exams in the medical education system amidst the Covid-19 epidemic. Using systematic review and meta-analysis methods, the current study analyzed 28 studies conducted from 2018 to 2020. Findings of the study showed that the following play an important role in developing online exams in the medical education system: the development of strategies to reduce cheating, student authentication system, technical-technological support, design-structures, media literacy development of practitioners, learning interface, technology interface, question design model, content and technical evaluation, and psychological considerations. In addition to having the potential of becoming performance indicators, these components can be considered by test authors in medical universities. In line with the findings of the study, it should be acknowledged that professional development and attention to training requirements for medical education practitioners, including faculty members, students, and designers and managers of electronic exam systems. Developing attitudes, knowledge, and skills can complement the findings of this study as far as online examinations in medical higher education settings are concerned.