Investigation of the effect of habitat and different growth times on changes in essential oil yield and phytochemical composition of Anthemis wiedemanniana Holub (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.)

Quality and quantity of medicinal plants essential oils is significantly influenced under biological and ecological factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in the active ingredient of Anthemis wiedemanniana Holub (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) In its different habitats in West Azerbaijan province at different growth stages. For this purpose, the main habitats of this plant in West Azerbaijan province (Qiz Ghaleh of Miandoab, Rajan, Oshnavieh, Qushchi and Anhar) and during three growth stages, including vegetative growth, flowering and fruiting, were identified in 2019. Then the aerial branches of this plant were harvested in each habitat. Essential oil extraction was performed using Clevenger apparatus and essential oils were analyzed using GC and GC/MS apparatus. Data were statistically analyzed in a completely randomized design with four replications. The highest amount of essential oil of apical shoots was obtained at the three stages of vegetative, flowering and fruit stage from Qiz Ghaleh of Miandoab, which was 0.70, 0.88 and 0.75%, respectively. Cluster analysis divided the studied habitats into two groups. Grouping of populations by cluster analysis showed that genetic diversity and geographical origin can be the reason for grouping the population of the south of the province (Qiz Galeh of Miandoab) in a separate group from the population of the north of the province (Oshnavieh , Anhar, Qushchi and Rajan). According to the results of this study, in order to obtain more active ingredient of essential oil, Miandoab habitat was the superior habitat and in order to obtain essential oil compounds with valuable medicinal properties, such as caryophyllene oxide, eudsemol and isoaromodendron, sampling of Oshnavieh, Qushchi and Anhar habitats in the vegetative growth stage; High levels of farnesene, Miandoob habitat in vegetative growth stage and high amount of T-cadinol and beta- Sesqui Phellandrene compounds, Rajan and Miandoab habitats in fruiting stage are recommended.