Study of obstacles and background challenges facing urban governance in Iran

Recently, the terms governance and good urban governance have become increasingly pervasive in the world development and management literature, and bad governance is considered as one of the causes of all problems and misery within urban society. Urban governance, as a set of methods in which individuals, institutions, the public sector and the private sector manage and plan the common affairs of the city, is an ongoing process through which conflicting or incompatible interests can be harmonized and collective action Occurs. Urban governance is intertwined with the well-being of its citizens. Good urban governance is based on the principle of citizenship and its most important and central concept is the participation of citizens in the management of city affairs. Citizens' participation in the management of the city is so important and decisive that if this feature is weakened, it can no longer be called good urban governance. In this research, based on the data collected from library studies, the obstacles and underlying challenges facing urban governance in Iran have been investigated. The results show that components such as "lack of city and the existence of a basic theory to define the city in Iran", "lack of strong and effective civil society", "lack of development of the concept of planning in Iran", "lack of position of the concept of citizenship" "Government in Iran", "The position of urban management in the laws and documents above", "Lack of integration in urban management" and "Unsustainable financing of municipalities and its related problems" are among the most important obstacles in this field.