Integration of Architectural Form and Structure in the Formation of Physical Structure of Historical Buildings using Iranian Arches

By examining and studying the history of architecture, we can come across a number of consistent and fixed principles that have always been involved in architectural life and are part of the essence of architecture, and this relation of architecture to its structure can be considered as such. Structures in architecture are considered as the first important issue of space creation. When the structure integrates with the architecture and they act as a complement to each other, that space will be much closer to the utility, and when they are separated from each other, the utility will decrease. Components of a building’s structure along with the form and function play an effective role in the desirability of the quality of the architectural space. In the historical buildings of Iran, structural systems such as dome and vault that mainly have large openings and height, have been built whit the arches showing a desirable structural behavior following the induced loads. One of the most important arches is arch (chafd) and panjohaft arches which are effective in the resistance and integration of all the structural members of a building. How is the construction method and function of this arch in the formation of the historical physique of the buildings in terms of structure? How is the integration of the structure and architecture in the formation of the physical structure of the historical buildings using panjohaft arches? How a more complete definition of the used arches can be achieved based on the study and analysis of the study samples? Structural identifying and analyzing of the structure forming the study buildings in this study using panjohaft arches to the integration and compatibility of the architecture with the structure of the contemporary buildings. The current study is analytical-descriptive. Using library- documentary studies, field studies, and through AutoCAD software and Sketch Up, the formed structure with Panjohaft arches in the buildings of the Hakim Mosque of Isfahan, Mir Bozorg Amol tomb, and Darb-e Emam tomb of Isfahan have been modeled. results showed that in these buildings, the interaction between structure and architecture is established when a proper construction method is used that in the three buildings studied by maintaining the proportion of dimensions in height, opening and architectural volumes in arches with various arches of panjohaft with three openings of (L) 2.5 m, 4.5 m and 6.5 m and three base heights (h) 3.5 m, 5 m, and 6.5 m and three dimensions of the base section (a) 1.5 m, m 2.5 and 3.5 m, the arch is in the optimal and stable state when the coefficient of stability of its sharp, normal and slow panjohaft arches in it are 2.4, 1.95 and 1.6, respectively. In fact, traditionally architects have skillfully used the structural and technical aspects of the building by using arches consisting of five or seven arches to achieve a beautiful and quality space and were able to eliminate the inconsistencies and imbalances that were considered as a threat in the arrangement of the piers. By using this type of arch, they can become an opportunity for the emergence of the aesthetic aspects of space design..