Effect of Biological and Non-Biological Compounds on Biochemical Traits of Pistachio Leaves

Pistachio, Pistacia vera L., as one of the most important horticultural products and the third export commodity of Iran has special economic importance among agricultural products. In this study, the foliar application effect of five treatments: Spirotratram (Movento®), salicylic acid, Dill seed methanolic extract, spirotetramate + salicylic acid, spirotetramate + Dill seed methanolic extract, and distilled water as a control on was investigated on the pistachio leaf secondary compounds in Mahan region. The type of pistachio leaves secondary metabolites was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MASS). Based on the results of the analysis, the highest percentage of active and important secondary metabolites was observed in Dill seed methanolic extract. Its important constituents were Dillapiole, Dl-Limonene and carvone. Dillapiole (34.14%) was one of the compounds of diol and belongs to derivatives of alkaloids, which has strong antifungal, antimicrobial and antilarval properties. Dl-limonene (24.55%) was a series of cyclic monoterpene compounds that have insecticidal properties and the combination of carvone is composed of cis-dihydrocarvone and d-carvone (35.13%). Carvone was also one of the terpenoid compounds and has a strong pesticidal characteristic. Considering that plant secondary metabolites play an important defense role against biological stresses and act as a source of antibiotics; According to the present research results, plant compounds such as dill seed extract with synthetic pesticides or alone can be considered as a potential solution in pest control.