The effect of hesperetin on tissue changes and HSP70 expression in the brain following ischemia-reperfusion of rat skeletal muscle

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hesperetin on brain tissue damage as a distant organ following skeletal muscle Ischemia–reperfusion in rats. 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of six, including: sham, reperfusion ischemia, Hesperetin (intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg / kg), dimethyl sulfoxide group (1.5 mg / kg) and treatment were studied. To induce skeletal muscle ischemia, the femoral artery was occluded for two hours and then blood flow was established for 24 hours. Finally, blood samples were taken to evaluate MDA and MPO enzymes, and then rats were euthanized according to ethical principles. Brain tissue was sent to the laboratory for histopathological examination by staining with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemistry of HSP70 in 10% formalin. Serum levels of MDA and MPO enzymes in the ischemia group were significantly increased compared to the treatment group (P <0.05). In histopathological evaluations, severe injury with cerebral edema, congestion, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and destruction of brain tissue was observed in the ischemic group, but significantly improved in the treatment group (P <0.05).  In immunohistochemical study, intracytoplasmic expression of HSP70 was reported only in the significant ischemia group and in the other groups no significant expression was reported in brain tissue. The results of this study suggest that hesperetin significantly reduces tissue damage in the brain as a distant organ following ischemia-reperfusion of skeletal muscle.