Evaluation the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Incisional Hernia following Laparotomy Surgery after one Year follow up in Esfahan Shariati Hospital in 2020

Incisional hernia is one of the most common complications after abdominal surgery. This hernia occurs due to failure to repair the fascia of the abdominal wall muscles and the separation of the deep fascia from each other at the site of previous surgery. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of incisional hernia following laparotomy after one year.

Inclusion criteria included all patients undergoing laparotomy, one year after their laparotomy, and willingness to participate in the study. Reluctance to participate in the study was considered as an exclusion criteria. Three hundred and sixty patients with inclusion criteria who undergoing laparotomy from April/16/2020, to September/20/2020, were included in the study by convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and physical examination.

The results of current study showed that the incidence of incisional hernia was 7.2%. The incidence of incisional hernia following laparotomy was not significantly different based on age, sex, hypertension, dyslipidemia, ischemic heart disease, type of surgery, suture type, incision type, smoking, addiction and length of hospital stay. However, it was found that the frequency of incisional hernia after laparotomy in overweight and obese patients was significantly higher than patients with normal BMI (12.2% vs. 2.2%), in patients with diabetes was significantly higher than patients without diabetes
(25% vs. 4.5%), and in patients with infection at the surgical site was significantly higher than patients without infection site of surgery (37.5% vs. 4.3%) (P < 0.001).

Considering the positive relationship between obesity and postoperative complications in incidence of Incisional hernia, it is recommended to reduce their BMI before surgery for all patients with risk factors and in need of elective surgery, and for all patients in need of surgery (emergency and Elective) prevents infection at the surgical site to reduce the incidence of Incisional hernia.