Religious Hereditary Reality and Artistic Modern Modification in Khalil Hawi's Sodom Odes

The story of Sodom appeared in religious heritage to explain the destination of pagans and the perverted people. Arab poet Khalil Hawi has utilized this topic in three odes. Using the descriptive-analytic method we tried to explain the hereditary and religious roots of these odes, furthermore we explained how Hawi modernized the story by applying it in a social and political situation in Arab countries and how he made use of pessimistic expressions in his views. The poet's viewpoint is vividly pessimistic in these odes and he relied on symbolic expression of the topic of Arab sovereignty in Arab homelands and of old dogmas and reactionary thoughts with a grotesque diction; so, he shows his anger and wrathful attitude toward tyrant and absolute Arab sovereigns and toward Arab nations for their passivity, silence and obedience against them. The results show that our poet has had three phases toward this problem: firstly, he looks pessimistic to existence in the first ode "Sodom", so confusion, stress, and death are apparent as main themes in it. In the second ode "Return to Sodom" we confront a radical change in his attitude, because there are some hints of optimism and hope for Arab revolution; But at the third ode "Sodom for the Third Time" this hope will wither soon and a newborn pessimism will takes its place and our poet looks gloomy and sad.