Holul al-Ashkāl of Mahmud b. Ahmad Motvalleh (?); A Persian work on Telesmāt and Khavātim written in 544 H./1144 CE

The science of Khavātim [literary “ring settings”) is one of the sub-categories of Telesmāt [talismans] on which several Arabic and Persian texts have survived from far past.In the present article, attempts have been made to introduce one of the oldest works in Persian entitled Holul al-Ashkāl,which was authored in 544 H./ 1144 CE. by Mahmud b. Ahmad Motavalleh in the city of Nahāvand. Because the author has cited a few works as the sources of his compilation, this research has tried to identify these works and address some of the linguistic features of the Holul al-Ashkāl.