Evaluating energy productivity, greenhouse gas emission, global warming potential and sustainability index of Wheat and Rapeseed agroecosystems in Khorramshahr

The study was conducted to evaluate the energy use efficiency, greenhouse gas emission and evaluation of sustainability in the studied wheat and rapeseed fields of Khorramshahr. Input data and yield of fields were collected from 60 wheat and 57 rapeseed farms of Khorramshahr by using questionnaire method and face-to-face interview during 2018-2019 growing season. Results showed that input energy of wheat and rapeseed was 41810 and 33517 MJ ha-1. Electricity, nitrogen fertilizer and fuel had the greatest impact. Direct energy was 22606 and 19434 MJ ha-1 and indirect energy was 19204 and 14083 MJ ha-1 for wheat and rapeseed respectively. Also, the input energy of renewable wheat and rapeseed was 5546 and 314 MJ ha-1, and non-renewable energy was 36263 and 33202 MJ ha-1, respectively. Energy efficiency for wheat and rapeseed was 1.32 and 2.15. Greenhouse gas emissions per hectare of wheat and rapeseed fields was 1438.5 and 1466 kg, respectively. Equivalent to carbon dioxide per hectare and the global warming potential was 18223 and 2238 tons of carbon dioxide, respectively. In this study, the sustainability index based on the amount of carbon input and output in wheat was 2.45 and in rapeseed was 1.17. Energy management is important and effective for efficient and sustainable energy use in wheat and Rapeseed agroecosystems of Khorramshahr. Optimizing energy consumption and reducing energy costs is essential to maintain sustainable environment.