Recognition and Introduction of Maku Castle Complex (West Azerbaijan Province)

There is a significant example of historical castles in Iran in the region of Azerbaijan. One of the places that can be studied in terms of nature, politics, and cultural history of the region is the historical complex of Maku Castle with its especial rock-cut architecture which still remains untouched due to its impassability; therfore many of its architectural structures are still under the erosive debris layers of the upstream cliffs. The castle area starts from Qeh Mountain, under which the castle is located, and continues to Taleghani Street in the new city of Maku. In the past, this castle included the main texture of the city with fences, tall towers and fortifications, military barracks and residential and service centers. The aim of this study was to introduce the historical complex of the castle (Maku city) as one of the rare examples of cut-rock architecture in the world and because of its location in Iran and that its role in historical periods has been of great importance. In this research, which is based on field research and historical studies and the results of an archeological excavation, the historical and geographical features and architecture of the castle have been discussed.