An Overview of the Dynamic Design of Tunnels by Analytical and Numerical Methods

The dynamic design of tunnels and their dynamic response under various seismic and vibration loads is one of the important in tunnel engineering issues that has been studied by researchers in recent years. The most suitable methods for investigating the effects of seismic and vibrational loads on tunnels and underground structures are analytical methods and numerical simulations. In numerical methods such as finite element method or boundary element method, the problem is first modeled and then analyzed. Comparing the results of research in this field, it can be concluded that due to the low flexibility of analytical methods in solving problems with geometry and properties of complex materials, the need to use numerical methods is more felt because of its advantages in solving complex problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the review for effect of vibrations on tunnels and underground structures that is special considered at design.