Key Criteria in the Classification of Architectural Heritage based on Approaches and Conservation Policies in European Countries

Management and prioritization of architectural heritage conservation in Iran is one of the main challenges of this field due to lack of financial resources. Since the enactment of the Preservation of National Monuments and Antiquities law (1309 AS), architectural heritage has never been evaluated or graded methodically, i.e., within a codified framework and with a conservation approach based on significance. This has led to the lack of comprehensive principles for integrated management, coordinated decision-making, and prioritization for conservation purposes, while most developed or developing countries have developed such a logical framework. One of the tools for conservation management of architectural heritage in Europe is classification. The main purpose of this research is to identify the classification system proposed in European policies in order to outline an operational and generalizable model at the national level. Aims and objectives affecting the European architectural heritage classification system is the main question of this research. To find it through document research and library studies, the available data including laws, policies, and experiences were collected and analyzed through a descriptive-interpretive and comparative method using the qualitative approach. According to the research findings, the main purpose of classification has been to reach a management mechanism based on an hierarchical system that improves policies for the protection of heritage resources and the use of authorities in architectural heritage conservation. For this, architectural heritage is classified into three levels: national, regional, and local. The approach and decision-making methods for classification are determined based on consultation with experts and authorities and according to relevant criteria and components, including uniqueness; significance; qualification for protection; ownership; and historical, architectural, artistic, scientific, aesthetic, and social qualities. The classification system in Europe is considered an important factor of economic development and improvement of living conditions.