Analysis of body language used in Nahj al-Balaghahbased on Ackman and Frieson's theory: Source, encryption, and application

The signs in communication are not certainly limited to language. Many concepts are expressed non-verbally. Non-verbal communication is a new field of study that examines and analyzes messages in non-verbal behaviors, such as facial expressions, eye contact, and gestures, which people use to convey the message and help the reader understand it. Paul Ackman and Wallace Frieson have conducted extensive research on nonverbal activities aimed at better understanding people's feelings and behaviors. They have analyzed nonverbal activities in three ways: 1. Source 2. Encryption 3. Application. Source is the origin of every action and can be intrinsic, fixed, and of cultural educational nature. Encryption refers to the relation of action to meaning, and it can be conventional, visual, and instinctive. Application includes the amount of informational nonverbal behavior that can be communicative, interactive, and informational. This research is a descriptive-analytical method based on the approaches mentioned by Ackman and Friesen about body language in Nahj al-Balaghah through which facial expressions, movements of eyes and hands, and tactile gestures are examined and described. The results of analyzing examples of body language used in Nahj al-Balaghah based on Ackman and Frieson's theory show that Nahj al-Balaghah has such a high capacity in terms of body language that it can be analyzed through new theories of non-verbal communication and the origin of "face language", having a high frequency in Nahj al-Balaghah, being inherently and instinctively encoded, and used for informative purposes.Keywords: application, encryption, body language, Nahj al-Balaghah, source