Association between Renal Stone and Systemic Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents

Given the increasing emphasis to the role of renal stone in increasing blood pressure and the limited number of studies of this nature, the current study aimed to assess the correlation between blood pressure and renal calculi in children.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 330 children aged 5 to 18 years (110 with renal stones and 220 healthy children). After confirming the status of renal stones by ultrasound, children's blood pressure was measured and divided into four classes according to the last update of AAP 2017: normal blood pressure, elevated hypertension, grade 1 and grade 2 hypertension. The odds ratio by logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between renal stone and blood pressure statuses of children.

There was no significant differences between two groups in terms of systolic blood pressure. The children with renal stone had significantly more abnormal diastolic blood pressure than healthy children. About 37.3% of children with renal stone had a parental history of hypertension that was significantly different from healthy children. The odds ratio was 2.69 (95% CI: 1.34, 3.88) for association between diastolic blood pressure status and renal stone.

Abnormal blood pressure, especially of the diastolic type, is higher in children with renal stones than in healthy children. Based on this finding, measuring blood pressure is necessary in children with renal stones to prevent further complications is highly recommended.