Trade System and Industrial Modernity in Tabriz During Qajar era

After Industrial Revolution and the formation of modern trade system, underdeveloped Iran from the 19th century took attention of colonial powers due to its strategic position and economic goals. The defeat of the Iranians from Russia had formed first lights of thought on the causes of Iran's underdevelopment and the progress of the West in the mind of Abbas Mirza. Being in priority of benefiting from industrial innovations and investment of foreign companies for Tabriz was depended on its privileged geographical location, being the city of crown prince and investment of the city's merchants. The main question of the research is what changes and under the influence of what factors occurred in the commercial system and industry of Tabriz during the Qajar era? The most important achievement of the research is based on the creation of new industries and trade system in Tabriz. In this regard, new manifestations of modernity such as exchange offices, banks, spinning and carpet weaving industries, printing houses, electricity, etc. were established in Tabriz. Also, merchants of Tabriz played a major role in establishing Tabriz commercial and industrial centers. The continuous growth of trade in the early 14th century AH encouraged foreign investors to expand their economic and productive activities in Tabriz. But, the influx of foreign goods did great damage to domestic handicrafts and factories. Based on historical references, publications, and documents, this article has studied the economic and industrial developments of Tabriz by descriptive-explanatory method.