Development of an educational package for students’ academic optimism based on Tschannen-Moran theory

The present study aimed to develop a student academic optimism educational package based on Tschannen-Moran theory. This qualitative study used the Delphi method. The research tool was a researcher-made Delphi questionnaire based on Tschannen-Moran theory of academic optimism with 3 components and 22 subcomponents. The questionnaires were distributed in two consecutive rounds of Delphi among 10 purposefully selected samples and Delphi responses were analyzed to reach relative agreement and achieve high consensus by descriptive statistics using indices (frequency, mean, standard deviations), tables, and graphs. The findings showed that experts have reached relative agreement and consensus on the three main components of Tschannen-Moran theory of academic optimism, namely academic identity, trust, and academic emphasis, as well as nine subcomponents. Based on the results, the educational package for student academic optimism was initially designed according to the regular educational model of James Brown, then the content validity of the package was measured based on the comments of five experts, which were applied in the package and the final package was presented in 12 sessions.