The Process of Migration and Settlement of the Most Important Allies of the Umayyads in the North of the Arabian Peninsula: the Qoda′a and Kalb Tribes

Obtaining full knowledge of the Islamic history is not possible without knowing the relevant tribes. The Qoda′a and Kalb tribes were influential in the Arab history and controlled a wide area of ​​the Arabian Peninsula. This study describes the historical propositions of the “tribe” and the archeological findings using historical description and explanation in order to answer its main question, which is to determine the origin of the Qoda′a and Kalb, the causes of migration and their settlement periods in different regions. The results of the research show that members of Qoda′a tribe migrated from Yemen, then settled in the center of the Arabian Peninsula. Hence, they came to the attention of governments and established political, economic, and family relations with them. After the conquest of their gathering center in Duma al-Jandal by the Muslims, they went to Syria, and as a result, the familial relationships between them and Umayyads caused them to become the main political ally of the Umayyads.