Rereading and Re-conceptualizing the Classifications of Spirituality

The purpose of this study has been to draw a comprehensive classification of spirituality. Therefore, after examining the existing classifications in two steps of description and analysis, we tried to introduce a comprehensive classification of spirituality. The authors of the article had a theistic view about spirituality and religion, but since the aim of this study was to achieve a comprehensive classification, regardless of our own orientation, we tried to show the existing classes in this field. Thus, we did not express our preconceived notions, but instead examined the existing classifications, regardless of whether we accepted them or not, and whether or not they concerned different types and dimensions of spirituality. The results of this study showed that the previous classifications dealt with the subject of spirituality sporadically and from different angles. Hence, in the new formulation, we tried to discuss the various dimensions including religious, secular, anti-religious, introspective, extroverted, skeptical, affirmative, as well as the dimensions related to the individual, others, nature, and the universe, so that they were placed under two main categories: disbelief and belief in the meaning. Comprehensive classification can be an appropriate and complete guide to understanding the various classes and instances of spirituality. It can also be used in the field of theorizing and conducting research related to spirituality and mixed spirituality.