The Role of Events in the Emergence of Hadith: the Case of Conquests of Early Islam and the Hadith of "I have been ordered to fight against the people"

The conquests of the early Islam are considered among the important events, the consequences of which have left important effects on the material and spiritual lives of Muslims. On the other hand, the impact of these prominent events on the field of hadith studies cannot be ignored. Therefore, the present research tried to examine the question of the effectiveness of the actions of the caliphs, as influential events in the history of Islamic government, in hadiths, and the role played by the conquests in the creation of the hadith of "I have been ordered to fight against the people". It should be mentioned that the historical course of the works about the conquests shows the great attention scholars have paid to them. However, the lack of hadith studies about the origin of the aforementioned narration reveals the necessity of addressing it. Therefore, in this article, an attempt has been made to overcome some of the existing shortcomings by answering the question of the effects of conquests on the contexts of the creation of narrations. By adopting a theoretical approach, this descriptive-analytical study reached the conclusion that through the theory of the justice of the Companions of the Prophet, as an example of the kalāmi belief of Sunnis, we can witness the range of forged or replicated narrations. In other words, the effects of evens and kalāmi beliefs on writings, including replicating narrations, are undeniable, and were explicated in this study via a number of examples. Reproducing the wars of the Prophet (PBUH) and the Caliphs by generations following the Companions of the Prophet, in order to justify the conquests as an example of the primary wars and also to strengthen the theory of "justice of the Companions of the Prophet", has more than ever provided the grounds for the origin of the narration.