Investigating the role of criteria in the spatial structure of high-rise residential buildings in Tehran(Case study: High-rise buildings 1991-2020)

Today, in most metropolises and large cities, the growth and development of high-rise buildings is evident and has left many positive and negative effects. The widespread impact of these buildings on the body and space of today's cities is undeniable, as it has caused high-rise buildings to be reviewed by experts in various fields. High-rise buildings in today's cities have always been one of the most influential aspects of urban landscapes, and the symbolic, aesthetic, identity, and readability aspects of the environment are among the dimensions to be considered in their role in the urban landscape. In recent decades, the vertical growth of cities has been increasingly studied and buildings act as a single complex that serves and receives. High-rise construction has been used to exploit downtown lands and to produce and pay attention to urban economy. While most decisions in our country for this type of building are made without regard to this. Construction of high-rise buildings, limited to authorized or special areas for high-rise construction in some sub-zones of land use in Tehran and subject to permission in terms of earthquake zoning studies and related rules and regulations and permitted environmental zones whose location and permitted uses: 2000 Detailed plan zoning is specified and refined. The development of cities in the present century to respond to problems such as population growth, public demand for life and work has increased attention to vertical expansion. A high-rise residential complex is a way to respond to the prevailing conditions. These residential complexes have advantages and disadvantages in their structure and many of them have formed their spatial structure based on the existing rules and regulations and the main structure of the spatial structure has been in them. To control the spatial structure, it is necessary to control all the forces in each building, which requires recognizing the elements and components of the spatial structure, which has not yet been explained and reviewed. As a result of this research, the criteria have been formed by examining and prioritizing the criteria according to the extent of their factor contribution in the formation of high-rise buildings. The research method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative nesting. In the qualitative stage, the interview was used to collect information and the questionnaire was used in the quantitative stage. The software used is in the quantitative part of JMP and in the qualitative part of ATLASTI. The results show that the most impact belongs to; Criteria for height restriction on the distance between the elements with the amount (1.000), criteria for spatial restriction on the components of the unit with the amount (1.000), criteria for fire extinguishing on the components of the unit with the amount (0.982), criteria of elevator on the texture with the amount ( 1.000), but the least effective include the criteria of height restriction with physical continuity (0.388), the criteria of spatial restriction with texture (0.514), the criteria of elevator on the physical connection with the amount (0.356) and the criteria of fire extinguishing Form with value (0.246), exit criteria with unit components with value (0.401), criteria of physical structure on readability with value (0.213), physical coherence and criteria of energy consumption and saving with physical coherence with value ( 0.388), the criteria for the placement of vehicles with physical differences with the value of (0.255) and the criteria of protrusion on the spatial zoning with the value of (0.262).In recent decades, the vertical growth of cities has been increasingly studied and buildings act as a single complex that serves and receives. High-rise construction has been used to exploit downtown lands and to produce and pay attention to the urban economy. Impress. Due to the lack of localization and mere emphasis on some aspects of the spatial structure, the rules have caused some parts to remain rigid and inattention to other parts in the design of the spatial structure. In various researches, the effect of different groups of criteria on the elements of spatial structure has not been discussed and analyzed. To control the spatial structure, it is necessary to control all the forces in each building, which requires recognizing the elements and components of the spatial structure, which has not yet been explained and reviewed.