The Relationship between Parents' Cultural Literacy and Identification (Case Study: Female Elementary School Students in Tehran)

This study aims to determine differences of parenting styles and tactics of marital conflicts, based on birth order of couples. The population of this casual-comprative research, include all the couples referred to counseling centers in Tehran. Sampling conducted from volunteers. Baumrind Parenting styles (1966) and conflict resolution tactics questionnaire of Strauss et al. (2007) performed. Data gathered analyzed by ANOVA. The results show that birth order causes no significant changes in authoritative parenting, authoritarian and permissive styles. This means that there is no difference between authoritative parenting styles, authoritarian and permissive couples with various birth order. The results showed that birth order make no significant changes in tactics of attack and negotiation (aggressive-victim form). This means that there is no difference between attack and negotiating tactics (aggressive-sacrifice form), in couples with different birth order. Finally, the results showed that there is no difference in couples with different birth order, in adopting the tactic of negotiation (victim form), While birth order in the sample caused a significant change in the aggressive form. This means that there are differences in couples with different birth order, in adopting negotiations between other tactics (aggressive form).