Evaluation of yield changes and morphophysiological traits of wheat in under conditions of nitrogen, biochar and mycorrhiza

Present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of different amounts of nitrogen, biochar and mycorrhiza on yield and some morphophysiological traits in wheat in 2016-17 and 2017-18 crop years in Omidiyeh city insouthwestern of Iran. The experiment was conducted as a factorialin a randomized complete block design withfour replications. Experimental factors was included using of pure nitrogen amount at four levels of urea fertilizer  (46% nitrogen), respectively, no fertilizer, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha-1, mycorrhizal fungi at two levels including use and non-use of Glomus intradiaces and biochar obtained from plant biomass and agricultural wastes as soil modifiers at three levels of non-use and 4 and 8 ton ha-1. Triple interaction of different amounts of nitrogen with biochar and mycorrhiza on biological yield, grain yield, radicle length, stem length, chlorophyll index and carbohydrate percentage were significant at 1% probability level. In this study, biochar application with nitrogen fertilizer in plants inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi had better effects on all traits than biochar application, nitrogen fertilizer and mycorrhiza alone. The highest grain yield (27%), carbohydrate (15%), chlorophyll index (34%) and stem length (28%) were obtained from application of 150 kg N/ha with 4 and 8 t ha-1 biochar and mycorrhizal application. The results showed that the highest percentage of protein was obtained from mycorrhiza application, which showed a significant increase of 5% compared to control plants. Generally, based on the results, application of 150 kg N/ha and 4 ton/ha biochar in plants inoculated with Mycorrhiza was selected as the best experimental treatment.