Precedence of Four-Dimensionalism in Muslim Theologians (Abū Isḥāq Naẓẓām, Ibn Rāvandī, Abū Sahl ʿAbbād and Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī)

We know that the fourth dimension has extended beyond the borders of philosophy and it is today one of the main problems of physicists. Nonetheless, the precedence and exact history of the fourth dimension is still obscure. Some scholars, in Western Philosophy, have problematically found some kind of precedence for it in such mediaeval thinkers as Anselm – while there is no explicit passage about it in their works . It is said in our philosophical society that the fourth dimension originated from Mullā Ṣadrā ( 980 - 1050 AH ) . But we will show that there are , previous to Mullā Ṣadrā , completely explicit passages about it in the works of Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī ( d. 672 AH ) . As for previous to Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī , although we have found no explicit passage about it in the firsthand resources , but views have been attributed to some theologians in Muslim world – i .e . Naẓẓām , Ibn Rāvandī and ʿAbbād – in the secondhand resources content of which is the very four-dimensionalism . So , we will collect the views of the above-mentioned Muslim thinkers in this paper using historical method and will analyze them rationally .