Determining effective components in citizen participation in the form of social trap theory and bystander effect (case study of Mashhad)

In this study, with emphasis on financial participation, which is considered to be the most complex type of participation, attempts were made to analyze the factors affecting the participation of Mashhad citizens using the theory of social trap and bystander effect. For this purpose, the main factors affecting the payment of renovation and car tolls were determined and the effect of each of them was evaluated. The research method was descriptive and analytical and the required data were obtained from a sample of 300 people in the form of two groups of participants and non-participants. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance, t-test with two independent groups, The results showed that the attitudes of participants and non-participants were different in relation to the effective factors and the highest effect is related to the knowledge of how the municipal staff and relatives of the person act, as well as his moral conscience in relation to the payment of tolls. In this process, trust or distrust in the ability of municipal staff as well as the type of attitude of city council members (reformist or principled) did not have a clear effect on the payment of tolls. According to this finding, aimless propaganda and providing incentives do not have much place in people's participation and the solution is the formation and development of social capital.