فصلنامه جغرافیا و آمایش شهری - منطقه ای
پیاپی 43 (تابستان 1401)

The height of the building is one of the important factors in organizing the urban landscape. This value is another variable affecting urban density, which is usually considered in regular rules and regulations on projects. In this regard, the use of lidar technology as a new tool in the field of aerial imaging, to calculate the height and building floors, is one of the topics discussed in the field of urban studies. What is considered in this research is to present a new method in urban planning based on extracting the height of buildings and the number of floors using Lidar super points, which includes two general steps. In the first step, the lidar data were filtered and separated from other lidar points related to land and vegetation using the elevation threshold method, and to produce a three dimensional model of the extraction and extraction of the extraction. The dimensions of each circle became two dimensional. Discovering the boundaries of buildings was made possible by creating points in each corner of the extracted building features. In the second stage, after extracting the first building boundaries and determining the points related to the buildings, the digital surface model information was assigned to the extracted building features and according to the assigned heights of the building floors by the nearest height method. The passage to the building was calculated along with the average height of the building above sea level (-26), which is referred to as the average height of the area. To complete the height of the buildings, the difference between the average height of the area and the height of the nearest passage to the building entrance was used. To find the number of floors, taking into account the height of the roof of the building, which according to the prevailing standards includes a range between 2.80 meters to 4 meters, was calculated and the building floors in four sections: one floor, two floors, three floors and four and It became more clear. The data source for the proposed system consisted of air borne Lidar data with rare vision and ultra Cam aerial Images. Were extracted. All the functions used enabled the system to successfully extract the structures from the lidar data. The obtained data and their matching with the samples taken in the field survey, show the accuracy of the boundary and the extracted classes are relatively good and the proposed system in terms of completeness, accuracy, and consistency of the data. It had a good performance. Finally, considering the research of Beilingwei U and et al., Under the title of automatic extraction of density information of urban buildings using lidar data and the results obtained in the present study, it was determined that aerial lidar technology has an extraordinary ability. In collecting very right and dense samples of altitude measurements of the city level has been provided and a new level of detail of right building height information can be automatically and efficiently extracted from the aerial data.

One of the cities’ main problems in recent decades is the unequal distribution of resources and population in different parts of the city. Paying attention to the importance of distributing service used in urban areas and providing the required facilities and services is an important factor in improving the standard of living, social justice and urban life’s sustainability. city public services as the most important tool in the hands of urban management, is to establish spatial justice. With proper distribution of these services, the city can be considered as a platform for achieving spatial justice. The metropolis of Tabriz, in addition to suffering from class discrimination among socio-economic groups, is also threatened by spatial discrimination due to improper distribution of urban services. The present study is an analytical description in terms of purpose, scientific application and in terms of nature and method. Due to the complexity and multiplicity of factors in locating service uses, the need for multivariate decision-making methods to determine the optimal position for the construction of new uses is necessary. In the present study, first, the per capita of the studied uses was calculated and compared with the standard per capita, and the degree of deficiency in the ten-point logic was determined. Then effective parameters in land-use-like housing (park and green space, sports and recreation-tourism) have been identified, then using methods based on multi-criteria spatial support systems MC -SDSS based on Topsis and Saw models in ArcGIS and weighting of parameters by experts in the field of urban studies with hierarchical analysis method in Expert Choice, final maps have been prepared. And completely undesirable to completely desirable spaces have been identified for each of indicators.

In this study, with emphasis on financial participation, which is considered to be the most complex type of participation, attempts were made to analyze the factors affecting the participation of Mashhad citizens using the theory of social trap and bystander effect. For this purpose, the main factors affecting the payment of renovation and car tolls were determined and the effect of each of them was evaluated. The research method was descriptive and analytical and the required data were obtained from a sample of 300 people in the form of two groups of participants and non-participants. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance, t-test with two independent groups, The results showed that the attitudes of participants and non-participants were different in relation to the effective factors and the highest effect is related to the knowledge of how the municipal staff and relatives of the person act, as well as his moral conscience in relation to the payment of tolls. In this process, trust or distrust in the ability of municipal staff as well as the type of attitude of city council members (reformist or principled) did not have a clear effect on the payment of tolls. According to this finding, aimless propaganda and providing incentives do not have much place in people's participation and the solution is the formation and development of social capital.

The meanings users assign to a location have an impact on how attached they are to it and how strong their attachment is. Researchers in this subject, on the other hand, have rarely looked at the relationship between the meaning of a place and one's attachment to it. Due to the scale of the area and strategic plans, this issue is especially relevant in natural and recreational areas. As a result, the purpose of this article is to look at how humans relate to natural settings and the intensity of that attachment through place meaning. As a case study, Zayandehrood village in Isfahan province was chosen as a recreational-residential location that benefits from natural resources. The exploratory combination method utilized in this study was initially intended to identify the meanings that tourists assign to the recreational village of Zayandehrood through an interview. The questionnaire was designed using the meanings collected in the preceding step, and these meanings were organized into four main factors of place attachment to the questionnaire. The goal of this survey was to look into what tourists thought and felt about the case study at various levels of place attachment. The findings of this study reveal that a place's high level of meaning both builds and intensifies place attachment. Also, among people with various levels of place attachment, beauty and unique natural resources received the greatest scores, respectively, at the meaning level, while connection with the natural world received the lowest score. Social connection and place identity got the greatest and lowest scores, respectively, among the effective factors in place attachment, among the survey participants. Finally, it is stressed that the addition of recreational facilities to these places improves social connections and, as a result, user attachment to the place.

Elderly people are human beings who face anatomical, physiological, social and economic disabilities with various abilities, this may cause some elderly people to be unable to meet their daily needs. The aim of this study was to design and psychometric the indicators of an elderly friendly city in Kermanshah. The method of the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of method. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all elderly people in Kermanshah. From this population, a sample of 366 was selected by simple random sampling method and they answered the questionnaire of indicators of elderly friendly city. Pearson correlation coefficient, internal consistency coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25 and 8.8 Lisrel software. The results of internal osmotic coefficient showed that this scale has good reliability. Confirmatory index of analytical factor model confirmed the 8-factor model of this questionnaire. The results of correlation coefficient showed that the relationship between the indicators of an elderly friendly city is significant. The internal homology of the dimensions of these indices was determined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for aging indices is in the range of 0.71 to 0.84.The results of this study showed that the Persian version of the indicators of the elderly-friendly city has good reliability and validity in the Iranian population and is a suitable self-assessment scale for clinical and research situations in the elderly population. One of the efforts to improve the quality of life of the elderly is this. Issue a policy through the government to implement a primary health care program for the elderly and optimize value for health systems.

The increase in Solid waste has been generated as a result of rapid population growth and increasing urbanization. A one-dimensional waste management system has had negative environmental consequences as well as increased costs. The Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) model is one of the most effective ways to reduce waste's economic and environmental costs. This futures research sought to identify the key indicators influencing the Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) model in order to develop waste management scenarios for Mashhad. The study's statistical population included 25 experts (Mashhad Waste Management Organization (MAP)) and specialists (academic). Then, using MicMac, 10 indicators were identified as key drivers out of 23 effective indicators. Possible scenarios for urban waste management based on Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) for Mashhad were identified by formulating 30 uncertainty hypotheses for the drivers using a cross impact matrix and ScenarioWizard. According to the findings, there were 59048 possible scenarios, with only 5 having high compatibility and being more likely to occur. The first and second scenarios, which received a total score of 167 and 149 as probable favorable scenarios, respectively, provided promising conditions for the future of waste management in Mashhad. The third, fourth, and fifth scenarios were identified as critical (unfavorable) scenarios, indicating unfavorable conditions for the future of waste management in Mashhad. Finally, the first scenario was identified as the most desirable scenario, while the fourth scenario was identified as the most critical (unfavorable) scenario for the advancement of waste management in Mashhad.

Investigating the relationship between empowerment and improving the quality of life of marginalized citizens in Hemmatabad neighborhood of IsfahanABSTRACTIn recent decades, the development of urbanization has brought with it problems that marginalization has been one of these social issues. The main problem among marginalized people is their low quality of life, which is why urban theorists believe that empowering local residents in urban suburbs can improve their quality of life. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between empowerment and improving the quality of life of citizens in Hemmatabad neighborhood of Isfahan. Fitterman's theory has been used to achieve the research objectives. The present study is based on a quantitative approach of a survey strategy (descriptive-correlation). The statistical population was 15,488 citizens of Hemmatabad neighborhood, of which 371 samples were examined using the Cochran's formula. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity of which was formalized and its reliability through Cronbach's alpha - quality of life (0.90), sense of competence (0.90), sense of effectiveness (0.72), significance (86). / 0), the right to self-determination (0.70) - has been obtained. Also, Spss24 software was used to analyze the research data and descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the findings. Findings showed that the quality of life of residents of Hemmatabad neighborhood was lower than the average. The results of the research hypotheses indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between empowerment and quality of life (0.68), also a significant difference was observed between education, income and quality of life. The results obtained from the regression model of the study showed that the empowerment variable with beta β = 64 was able to explain 38% of the variance of the quality-of-life variable.key wordsEmpowerment, quality of life, education, income, Hemmatabad

Sustainability is one of the new concepts of urban planning that deals with the suitability of the urban environment for human life. This concept, which is a physical-social quality, is strongly influenced by the conditions of public spaces and places where people interact with each other and with the environment. The study of the status of public and urban urban spaces in Iran shows that except for the few contemporary and often historical suburban urban spaces, most contemporary public spaces are developed on the ground and on the ground floor. This is observed in the conditions of the possibility of using the underground surfaces and has eliminated the dynamic and community-oriented spaces in the lower floors and as a result, has led to the reduction of social supervision and security in the underground spaces.The increase in the population of human societies has led to the growth of densely populated, dense and densely populated cities, which has made development at altitude and underground. Despite the benefits of crowded human life together, overcrowding poses a threat to human bio-quality. The concept of viability, in response to this concern, addresses the objective and subjective qualities that humans expect from the environment. New subsurface developments, which are mainly due to the increase in density and congestion in cities, in most cases, less attention has been paid to human biodiversity below ground and more attention has been paid to functional aspects. Reducing social oversight, security, ventilation, lighting and humidity control, readability and orientation are among the most important challenges of this type of development. The need to create and popularize the use of dynamic and community-oriented public spaces in the lower classes has been the impetus for this research.In order to provide a model for improving livability in subterranean public spaces of cities, the collected qualitative data were analyzed simultaneously by documentary method (basic analysis) and foundation data (complementary analysis). The method of data collection is documentary study and semi-structured interview. Nvivo software was used for qualitative data analysis and coding. From the combination of basic and complementary analysis, the key components that make up the livable subsurface space are the performance-accessibility components; Perceptual; Identity; Environment and resilience were identified and studied. Also, the data method of the foundation was used to present the model. Based on the questions raised in the interview process, 389 referrals were made. With multiple revisions and integration of codes based on similarity during several stages of data summarization, 20 initial codes and 7 axial codes were extracted and after discovering the causal relationships, a livable subsurface space model based on the snowflake pattern was presented.