Investigating the effect of spiritual health and subjective norms on the ‎environmental ‎behavior ( Case Study Lahijan) ‎

‎ Environmental behavior refers to the behavior that a person shows when facing the ‎environment, and this behavior is different based on the social system, personality and culture ‎of each person. This behavior can be positive and in order to preserve the environment or it can ‎be negative and irresponsible. Positive behavior leads to conscious and responsible action. In ‎order to change the behavior, identifying the factors affecting it is the first step. This research ‎was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of spiritual health and mental norms on ‎the environmental behavior of citizens in Lahijan city. This research is practical according to its ‎purpose. In terms of nature and approach, it is a correlational research. In terms of the data ‎collection method, it is a descriptive-survey type of research, and it is of a quantitative type. ‎The statistical population of this research was all people aged 18 and over living in Lahijan ‎city. The sample size was determined based on Morgan's table of 384 people. Cluster random ‎sampling method was used to distribute the questionnaires. Structural equation modeling and ‎AMOS24 software were used to analyze the questionnaires. The analysis of the information ‎collected from the research questionnaires in this research showed at the 95% confidence level ‎that spiritual health has a positive and significant effect on the environmental behavior of ‎citizens, therefore, with the increase of spiritual health, the environmental behavior of citizens ‎increases. Religious health has a positive and significant effect on the environmental behavior ‎of citizens, therefore, with the increase of religious health, the environmental behavior of ‎citizens increases. Existential health has a positive and significant effect on the environmental ‎behavior of citizens, so with the increase of existential health, the environmental behavior of ‎citizens increases. Mental norms have a positive and significant effect on the environmental ‎behavior of citizens, so with the increase of mental norms, the environmental behavior of ‎citizens increases.‎Introduction ‎Environmental problems are produced mainly as a result of human behavior. Thus, spiritual ‎health, subjective norms, knowledge, attitude and practical intentions of people on ‎environmental issues and how to deal with them, require considerable attention in considering ‎of environmental behaviors. Rapid urbanization and lack of urban readiness for accepting ‎emerging social conditions have led to the formation of low-quality of urban environments in ‎many developing countries. This issue has directly affected the quality of life of citizens. ‎Nowadays, with the increasing environmental issues such as energy crisis, climate change, ‎waste generation and destruction of natural resources and the increase of waste materials due ‎to the development of urbanization, human impact on the environment is one of the most ‎challenging issues of the scientific community. The purpose of this study was to Investigating ‎the effect of spiritual health and subjective norms on the environmental ‎behavior. ‎Environmental behavior refers to the behavior that a person shows when facing the ‎environment, and this behavior is different based on the social system, personality and culture ‎of each person. This behavior can be positive and in order to preserve the environment or it ‎can be negative and irresponsible. Positive behavior leads to conscious and responsible action. ‎In order to change the behavior, identifying the factors affecting it is the first step. One of the ‎criteria for predicting environmental behaviors is spiritual health. Spiritual health is defined as ‎a sense of connection with others, having meaning and purpose in life, and having belief and ‎connection with a higher power. Spiritual health can lead to responsible environmental ‎behavior through connecting humans to a higher power and creating a purpose in life. When ‎people feel that their behavior is under the supervision of a supreme power that created the ‎world orderly and for the use of all generations of humans, plants and animals, they have a ‎more complete understanding of nature and its preservation, and preserving the environment ‎becomes a major goal in their lives. On the other hand, until the early 1970s, the simplest ‎model of environmental behavior was based on the assumption that by educating people ‎about environmental issues, it will automatically cause environmental behavior from them. ‎This model was later changed in such a way that environmental behavior results from the ‎effect of environmental knowledge on environmental attitude. One of the most widely used ‎behavioral models is Eisen's (1991) theory of planned behavior. According to this theory, the ‎desire or intention to perform a certain behavior is influenced by variables such as attitude, ‎mental norms and perceived behavior control. Intention to perform behavior is a very good ‎predictor of actual environmental behaviors and knowledge, environmental attitude and ‎subjective norms influence environmental behavior.‎‎ Methodology ‎This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of spiritual health and ‎mental norms on the environmental behavior of citizens in Lahijan city. This research is ‎practical according to its purpose. In terms of nature and approach, it is a correlational ‎research. In terms of the data collection method, it is a descriptive-survey type of research, ‎and it is of a quantitative type. The statistical population of this research was all people aged ‎‎18 and over living in Lahijan city. The sample size was determined based on Morgan's table ‎of 384 people. Cluster random sampling method was used to distribute the questionnaires. ‎Structural equation modeling and AMOS24 software were used to analyze the questionnaires.‎Conclusion ‎The analysis of the information collected from the research questionnaires in this research ‎showed at a confidence level of 95% that spiritual health has a positive and significant effect ‎on the environmental behavior of citizens, therefore, with the increase of spiritual health, the ‎environmental behavior of citizen’s increases. Religious health has a positive and significant ‎effect on the environmental behavior of citizens, therefore, with the increase of religious ‎health, the environmental behavior of citizens’ increases. Existential health has a positive and ‎significant effect on the environmental behavior of citizens, so with the increase of existential ‎health, the environmental behavior of citizens increases. Mental norms have a positive and ‎significant effect on the environmental behavior of citizens, so with the increase of mental ‎norms, the environmental behavior of citizens increases.‎