An Analytical Study of the Characteristics of the Modern Government (Political Sociological Approach in Iran)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of modern government by considering Iran as a study sample. Although it is difficult to name a perfect example of a modern state, but some of the salient features and components of the modern state can be explained as a criterion and indicator to distinguish it from other forms of government. Rule of law, representative government, oversight, separation of powers, responsibility and accountability, impersonal power, authority and legitimacy can be considered as the most important principles of public law governing the normative and structural framework of the governing system for the establishment of modern government. In other words, the principles and foundations of public law, the characteristics and components mentioned and analyzed, are the vital pillars of any theory about the construction and nature of the modern state. The method of this research is analytical and descriptive. The results show that the theory of sovereignty is closely related to the theory of the modern state, and in the modern state, sovereignty belongs to those people and belongs to them, and the government is guided by the public will in exercising its authority. Another feature of the modern state is the rule of law. Also, the rule of law is based on the supremacy of laws with the content of guaranteeing the fundamental rights and fundamental freedoms of citizens.