New Public Management; Whats and Whys

In recent decades, in the field of public administration, a new approach called new public management has been introduced to respond to the problems and challenges of traditional government management. This emphasizes the use of private sector management methods in the public sector and it can be equated with privatization and downsizing of the government. New public management has been used in various forms such as: managerialism, market-based governance, entrepreneurial government, But they all aim to realize the core values of economy, efficiency and effectiveness. Theories of public choice, principle Agent Theory, and transactional costs are the foundation of new public management. The new public management faces challenges and criticisms such as: increased corruption, distrust of the government, reduced accountability, responsibility and job security among government employees. Accordingly, in the present article, the method of Library and resources Studies, while presenting the theoretical foundations of new public management, the Whats and Whys is explained.