Association between adiponectin gene single nucleotide polymorphisms with age of diabetes onset and initiating insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes

The incidence of type 2 diabetes is growing at an early age. Genetic factors probably play an important role in the early onset of type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed to effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms of adiponectin gene rs2241766 (+45 T/G), rs1501299 (+276 G/T) and rs17300539 (-11391G/A) on the age of diabetes onset and initiating insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

In this case-control study, 183 patients with type 2 diabetes and 155 healthy individuals participated. Demographic and anthropometric data were collected. Genotyping was performed by using amplification refractory mutation system-PCR (ARMS-PCR). Data were analyzed by using SPSS software (version 26).

According to results, in rs2241766 (SNP+45 T/G), the age of onset of diabetes and age of starting insulin therapy in the TG genotype carriers was significantly less than in TT genotype carriers (Respectively P=0.035, P=0.048). In SNP+45 T/G, 48.6% of patients with diabetes onset age<35 years were carrying the TG genotype (P=0.013). TG genotype (OR=2.381, 95% CI:1.430–7.994, P=0.006) was associated with the significantly increased risk of diabetes onset age <35 years.

According to the results of the present study, SNP+45 T/G of the adiponectin gene has a significant effect on the early onset of T2DM as well as the rapid progression of the disease. Evaluation of effective genetic variants can be useful in pre-diabetes screening for early detection and prevention.