مجله فیض
سال بیست و ششم شماره 4 (پیاپی 126، مهر و آبان 1401)

Heart damage is one of the complications of radiotherapy. Due to the favorable effect of exercise training on the heart, this study aimed to investigate the impact of HIIT training on Troponin I and B-type natriuretic peptide in rats undergone radiotherapy.

In this experimental study, 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, HIIT, radiotherapy, and radiotherapy + HIIT. After anesthesia, radiotherapy was performed using an 11 Gy dose of the linear accelerator. The training program of HIIT and HIIT + radiotherapy groups included 10 weeks of HIIT. To assess the serum levels of troponin-I and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), five ml of blood was taken 24 hours after the last training session. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data at a significance level of P<0.05.

The results showed that the levels of troponin I in HIIT or radiotherapy + HIIT groups were not significantly different from the control group (P<0.05). But there was a significant difference between the radiotherapy group and the other three groups (P<0.05). Furthermore, no significant difference was observed between the BNP values ​​of any of the groups (P<0.05).

Radiotherapy seems to increase troponin I, but HIIT does not have this effect and even reduces its increased levels. Also, neither HIIT nor radiotherapy has an impact on BNP. Therefore, patients undergoing radiotherapy can use HIIT as an effective therapeutic intervention.

Menopause is a process that occurs with the permanent cessation of ovarian function in women and has many complications. This study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D with chitosan coating along with six weeks of resistance training on the antioxidant indices of the hippocampal tissue of ovariectomized rats.

24 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 6. After ovariectomy, rats were divided into menopausal chitosan-coated vitamin D groups, menopausal exercise group, chitosan-coated vitamin D group and menopausal exercise, and menopausal control group. The training group did resistance training 5 days a week for 6 weeks. 24 hours after the last training session, the hippocampus was separated from the brain and the amounts of succinate dehydrogenase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured by ELISA technique. To compare the groups, one-way ANOVA test was used at the alpha level of 0.05.

SOD values ​​were significantly higher in the chitosan-coated vitamin D exercise group than the chitosan-coated vitamin D and menopausal control groups (P<0.05). TAC in the exercise-vitamin D group with chitosan coating was significantly higher than the exercise groups and the postmenopausal control group (P<0.05). Also, the MDA concentration in the exercise group was significantly higher than the vitamin D group with chitosan coating (P<0.05).

Resistance training prevented the increase of oxidative stress and when resistance training is combined with the simultaneous consumption of vitamin D with chitosan coating, due to the possible agonistic effect, it will have a greater effect in reducing menopausal complications and oxidative stress in postmenopausal women.

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and lon protease 1 (LONP1) are thought to be indicators of mitochondrial stress, which is essential for cell survival. This study aimed to investigate the effect of endurance exercise on changes in HSP70 and LONP1 in diabetic mice.

This study was experimental and thirty adult mice were randomly and equally divided into three groups: control (C; n=10), diabetic (D; n=10) and diabetic-exercise (DE; n=10). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Aerobic endurance training was performed for eight weeks. 48 hours after the last training session, glucose, insulin, HSP70 levels, LONP1 levels and insulin resistance index were measured.

Insulin, blood glucose levels and insulin resistance in group DE decreased significantly compared to group D (P<0.05). Also, HSP70 protein levels in group DE increased significantly compared to group D (P<0.05) and in group D compared to group C decreased significantly (P<0.05). A period of endurance training significantly increased the expression of LONP1 protein levels in DE group compared to group D (P<0.05). LONP1 protein levels in group D increased significantly compared to group C (P<0.05), also.

Reports show that diabetes can decreases the levels of HSP70 and increases LONP1. Also, endurance exercise can enhance impaired mitochondrial function in diabetes by increasing the expression of HSP70 and LONP1 proteins. It also improves the insulin resistance index.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the possible mechanisms for the progression of heart disease. This study aimed to effect of eight weeks of aerobic training and curcumin supplementation on PGC1- α gene expression and cardiomyocyte mitochondrial citrate synthase in Cardiomyocytes of male rats with myocardial infarction model.

40 male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: healthy control, heart myocardial infarction control, aerobic exercise, supplement and exercise + supplement. The training and training+supplement groups were influenced by training on the intelligent electronic animal treadmill for 8 weeks, 5 days a week. At this time, the myocardial infarction control and supplement groups had no exercise program. First, healthy controls were killed. Expression of PGC1-α gene and mitochondrial citrate synthase using real-time PCR method, the obtained data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk test, two-way and one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test.

Results showed that the expression of PGC1-α and citrate synthase of cardiomyocytes in the groups trained with and without curcumin consumption is significantly higher than the supplemented and myocardial infarction control groups (P=0.001). No significant difference was observed between the two groups of exercise and exercise + supplement. The expression of both genes in the myocardial infarction control group was lower than that of healthy controls (P≤0.05).

Eight weeks of aerobic exercise alone and in combination with curcumin increased the expression of PGC1-α gene and citrate synthase. The combined effect of exercise and curcumin were nonsignificantly greater.

Obesity is a metabolic disorder in which proteins involved in fat metabolism are altered. Because obesity is a growing disease among people living in today's societies, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 8 weeks of high-intensity intermittent training and low- intensity endurance training on PPARα and PLIN5 gene expression in skeletal muscle of overweight rats.

Forty male Wistar rats, 5 weeks old, weighing 148.4 ±22.8 g were randomly divided into four equal groups (n=10): control, LIET, HIIT which fed high fat diet, and sham group which fed standard diet. Forty-eight hours after the end of the training program (eight weeks of intense intermittent exercise or HIIT and continued low-intensity exercise or (LIET) the rat adipose tissue was isolated under sterile conditions. Finally, expression levels of PPARα and PLIN5 of skeletal tissue were measured by the Real-time PCR method.

The data indicated that the expression level of the PPARα and PLIN5 was significantly increased in HIIT and LIET groups compared to the control group (P= 0.001).

HIIT and LIET exercises increased the expression of the PLINS gene in skeletal muscle by increasing the expression of the PPARα gene in lipid droplets of skeletal muscle.

There is ample evidence in the study of the association of inflammatory reactions with the pathogenesis and complications of diabetes, especially hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. This study aimed to the effect of high intensity interval training and caloric restriction on inflammatory factors and PLIN3 visceral adipose tissue in male diabetic rats.

32 diabetic male Wistar rats was randomly divided into three subgroups: HIIT, control and caloric restriction. In the caloric restriction group, 40% of the calorie intake was restricted and other groups received the standard food they needed freely. Relative protein expression of PLIN3 was performed using western blot technique and TNF-α and IL-6 by ELISA. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test.

There was a significant difference between the mean of PLIN3, IL-6 and TNF-α in the three groups (P=0.001). The results of post hoc test showed a significant increase in PLIN3 and a significant decrease in IL-6 and TNF-α in the caloric restriction group and intense intermittent exercise compared to the diabetic control group (P=0.001).

HIIT and caloric restriction may increase lipid oxidation by increasing PLIN3 expression. Considering the role of TNF-α and IL-6 in increasing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, reducing these factors during the present study may be helpful in preventing these metabolic diseases.

The incidence of type 2 diabetes is growing at an early age. Genetic factors probably play an important role in the early onset of type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed to effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms of adiponectin gene rs2241766 (+45 T/G), rs1501299 (+276 G/T) and rs17300539 (-11391G/A) on the age of diabetes onset and initiating insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

In this case-control study, 183 patients with type 2 diabetes and 155 healthy individuals participated. Demographic and anthropometric data were collected. Genotyping was performed by using amplification refractory mutation system-PCR (ARMS-PCR). Data were analyzed by using SPSS software (version 26).

According to results, in rs2241766 (SNP+45 T/G), the age of onset of diabetes and age of starting insulin therapy in the TG genotype carriers was significantly less than in TT genotype carriers (Respectively P=0.035, P=0.048). In SNP+45 T/G, 48.6% of patients with diabetes onset age<35 years were carrying the TG genotype (P=0.013). TG genotype (OR=2.381, 95% CI:1.430–7.994, P=0.006) was associated with the significantly increased risk of diabetes onset age <35 years.

According to the results of the present study, SNP+45 T/G of the adiponectin gene has a significant effect on the early onset of T2DM as well as the rapid progression of the disease. Evaluation of effective genetic variants can be useful in pre-diabetes screening for early detection and prevention.

Endothelial dysfunction, caused by obesity, can be regarded as the initial step in the development of the cardiovascular disease. Hence, the current study aimed to the effects of HIIT exercises on miR-16 induced endothelial function, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) in the obese men.

24 obese male volunteers, with a mean age of 44 years and BMI>30, were randomly divided into the training and control groups. The eight-week HIIT training group did circular exercises, including (Long Knee, Butterfly, Burpy, kettlebell snatch, and Scott Goblet), with an intensity of 80-90 % of Karvonen heart rate (first four weeks: three sessions and second four weeks: four sessions per week). Blood samples were taken from the subjects 48 hours before and after the last training session to analyze miR-16, NO, serum MDA, and TAC indices of the subjects.

Eight weeks of HIIT training in the training group caused a significant increase in NO and TAC values and a significant decrease in serum MDA compared to the pre-test values. (P<0.05). Furthermore, compared to the control group, a significant decrease in miR-16 and MDA levels was observed and a significant increase in serum NO and TAC was observed in the training group (P<0.05).

HIIT training apparently alter serum NO levels by affecting miR-16 levels and reducing oxidative stress caused by obesity and can prevent from outbreak and development of the cardiovascular disease by improving endothelial function.

Increasing affective capital in women with migraine headache is one of the strategies to promote mental health in these patients. So this study aimed to comparison the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy focused on Insomnia with mindfulness based cognitive therapy and Fordyce happiness training on affective capital in women with migraine headache

This study was a quasi-experimental type with a pre-test, post-test design with a two-month follow-up with three experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population included women with migraines who referred to the psychiatric centers of Kerman city in 2020. Among them, 60 people were selected via a convenience sampling method, and then they were randomly assigned to three experimental and one control groups (each with 15 participants). Experimental groups participated in cognitive behavioral therapy focused on insomnia and mindfulness based cognitive therapy and Fordyce happiness training. To measure the dependent variable of the research, Golparvar affective capital questionnaire was used. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variances through SPSS version 24.

The results showed that there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy focused on insomnia, mindfulness based cognitive therapy and Fordyce happiness training on increasing affective capital (P=1), and all three treatments are equally effective in increasing affective capital (P=0.001).

cognitive behavioral therapy focused on insomnia, mindfulness based cognitive therapy and Fordyce happiness training can be used in psychiatric centers to increase the affective capital of women with migraine.

Psychological problems can reduce the effectiveness of opioid withdrawal, so complementary therapies are used to increase the effectiveness of treatment in these patients. In this study, the addition of the "compassion-enriched acceptance and commitment" psychotherapy method to Venlafaxine to control depression, stress, and anxiety in opioid addicts receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) was investigated.

This study is a clinical trial with pre-test and post-test design. Forty opioid addicts treated with MMT were selected by voluntary sampling method and after matching were divided into two groups (n=20), including Venlafaxine alone and Venlafaxine in combination with compassion-enriched acceptance and commitment. Patients were evaluated on the DASS21 anxiety-stress-depression questionnaire. Data were analyzed using chi-square, paired and independent t-tests, and analysis of covariance with a 95% confidence interval.

Findings showed that both intervention methods were effective on depression, anxiety and stress (P<0.05). However, combination therapy of compassion-enriched acceptance and commitment therapy with Venlafaxine had a greater effect on depression, anxiety, and stress in patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (P<0.05).

Adding compassion-enriched acceptance and commitment Psychotherapy to Venlafaxine improves the control of depression, anxiety, and stress in opioid addicts under MMT and can be used as an effective method in the treatment of mental disorders in these patients.

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is one of the several important lipoproteins in lipid metabolism, and many studies have been conducted on it. In various studies, the role of this protein in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and immune deficiency diseases such as AIDS have been addressed. The gene is a polymorphic apolipoprotein with three transcripts or different alleles called e2, e3 and e4. These three alleles have six genotypes E2E2, E2E3, E2E4, E3E3, E3E4 and E4E4 with different frequency in the population. Depending on the demographic, geographic and racial characteristics of these genotypes, they are seen with varying frequency in the population, which is in any case the highest frequency related to E3E3. In this study determinated apolipoprotein E genotyping in diabetic patients with cardiovascular diseases with allele specific PCR method.

This study was performed on 107 blood samples of diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease living in Kashan. To determine the genotype of this gene, allele specific PCR with five primers was used and then the pattern of bands in electrophoresis was used.

The results show that in this population (diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease living in Kashan), as in most Iranian and world populations, the most genotype is E3E3. Also, the frequency of e2, e3 and e4 alleles is 5.1, 79 and 15.9%, respectively.

This study shows that there is an average impact of this genotype on lipoproteins of plasma or types of CVD, so it can be helpful to predict and prevent diseases associated with this genotype.

COVID-19 is an emerging viral disease that has led to many deaths worldwide over the past 2 years. However, due to the lower incidence of the disease in children, the information available to compare children and adults with COVID-19 is still limited. Therefore, this study was designed to compare the paraclinical findings of children and adults with COVID-19.

After extracting laboratory findings, CT scan and outcome of hospitalization of children and adults hospitalized due to COVID-19 in Shahid Beheshti hospital in Kashan from March 2020 to March 2021 through HIS and PACS systems, all this information were compared between children and adults.

After analyzing the data of 15 children and 66 adults, it was observed that increased CRP (P=0.030), LDH (P=0.002) and lymphopenia (P<0.001) and hyponatremia (P=0.030) were higher in adults but increased creatinine (P<0.001) was observed more in children. Also, ground-glass opacity (P=0.020) was observed more in children than adults, but Halo sign (P=0.001) and lung severity score (P<0.001) was higher in adults.

Children and adults with COVID-19 differ in many ways, including CRP, LDH, lymphocyte, sodium, and creatinine laboratory tests. This difference is seen in some radiological findings, and the lung severity score on CT scans of adults is higher than children, also.

Outbreaks of a new virus called COVID-19 have been reported in China since late December 2019. This study was performed to evaluate the demographic, clinical, paraclinical findings and outcome of patients with the COVID-19 delta strain.

In this case-series study, 239 patients with delta strain of COVID-19 with positive PCR were selected. The patients' files contained demographic information, clinical symptoms, paraclinical findings and outcome. The collected data were analyzed through SPSS software.

Among the studied patients, women were the most frequent with 53.6% and more than half of the patients were over 50 years old. The majority of patients had blood group O (45.2%), and nearly 60% of patients had at least one underlying disease, of which high blood pressure, diabetes and cardiovascular disease are the most common. Nearly 90% of patients did not receive the vaccine. The most common clinical symptoms included fever (60.3%), cough (59.8%) and dyspnea (50.2%). Nearly 90% of patients experienced mild to severe lung involvement, and nearly 75% of patients were in the moderate to severe range of the severity of the COVID-19 disease. Finally, 13 patients (5.4%) died.

Considering that most of the patients did not receive the vaccine and also the majority of them were in the moderate to severe phase of the disease, the necessity of receiving the vaccine to prevent the disease of COVID-19 is clear.