Gender-Based Violence and the Continuity of Men's Supremacy: A Qualitative Study of Sanandaji Men's Experience and Perception of Gender-Based Violence in the Private and Public Spheres

Gender-based violence indicates the asymmetry of social relations between men and women in various fields, and the traces of violence in patriarchy require that gender-based violence be examined from the perspective of men.Studies have often analyzed gender-based violence from the perspective of women and neglected the context and consequences of violence from the perspective of men.Accordingly, the present study intends to identify the contexts, reasons and consequences of gender-based violence in women's individual and social lives by referring to men and re-reading men's experience and understanding of gender-based violence.The present study was conducted using qualitative methodology and grounded theory among a sample of Sanandaji men. Targeted sampling method and maximum variety were used to select the samples and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. In the research sample, 30 men aged 32 to 46 years old from Sanandaj participated.The results indicate that areas such as patriarchy, gender socialization and  disorder in recognition are involved in gender-based violence.Among these are the weakness of the law and official agents, the disparity of couples, the limitation of authority and inconsistency in home management as a facilitator and inconsistency and structural pressure, social comparison, and social networks and the porn industry as conditions of intervention have acted. Semantic reconstruction of men's experience and perception implies normalization of violence, insecurity of public space, women as motivators, and fear of female domination And from the perspective of the men studied, women resorted to strategies such as fear of pointing fingers, secrecy, despair and emotional confrontation, and egalitarianism and challenging masculine authority to deal with violence, with Consequences such as mental disorder, learned helplessness and persistence of domination, social isolation, family disorder and conflict, the spread of mistrust, and retaliation for women.The category of nucleus also refers to "gender-based violence as a continuation of Men's Supremacy, which refers to the symbolic and institutional violence of women in the informal, public and formal spheres in the field under study.