The combined effectiveness of mindfulness training and neurofeedback on improving anxiety in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) during the COVID-19 crisis

Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders in individuals, which begins in childhood, continues into adulthood, and disrupts various aspects of a person's life. Therefore, the aim of this study was the combined effectiveness of mindfulness training and neurofeedback on improving anxiety in children with (ADHD) The primary school during the crisis of COVID-19. The study method was quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with repeated measures. The statistical population included all female students with ADHD who were selected as a sample using cluster random sampling method, and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Assessment tools included clinical interview, Cattell Anxiety Scale and Connors questionnaire. The experimental group received a combined protocol of mindfulness training (Kabat Zayn, 2005) and neurofeedback (Hammond protocol). Data analysis using repeated measures analysis of variance showed that the combined method of mindfulness training and neurofeedback had a significant effect on anxiety. This finding has implications for clinical interventions and can be combined with mindfulness and neurofeedback in the treatment of anxiety in children with ADHD.