An overview of subjective and objective theories in contract law with a comparative study in French and Iranian law

The main goal of any contract is the implementation of its provisions, and in the event of a dispute, it depends on the interpretation of the contract and the determination of the rights and obligations of the parties to the contract. It makes one of them possible in Iranian and French laws, and the application of each of these theories will have effects on the interpretation of the contract, the effects of the contract, and the application of subjective or objective theory. Therefore, the question that this article raises is whether the French subjective theory, although conceptually distinct from the objective theory, produces different results in actual disputes. While France alone could be a significant nut in the world to examine this question, the reality is that French civil law has been widely adopted and copied in many civil law nations around the world. Therefore, it affects a significant part of the world's jurisdictions, beyond just the sovereign state of France.Therefore, this article examines the objective theory of contracts as well as the evidence of the French subjective theory with application to Iranian law and determines whether there is a deep difference in their application and the results of legal disputes in these two systems.