The evolution of prisons in the ancient world based on the beginning of Islam (until the end of the Umayyad period)

The aim of the current research is the evolution of prisons in the ancient world based on the beginning of Islam (until the end of the Umayyad period). The research method in this research is descriptive and analytical. The findings show. The first prison in the ancient world is dedicated to the city of Rome. During this period, there were cellulos (punishment method), latomia (part of a large prison) and tulianum (prison). Later, in 367 AD, the first Code of Laws and Code of Laws was compiled by Justinian, whose criminal laws were the focus of subsequent emperors. In the ancient east, there were prisons in Egypt, Mesopotamia and Iran. In Saudi Arabia, before Islam, the Arabs used to act according to current customs and traditions. But with the advent of Islam, the work of imprisoning took place in the mosque or atrium. Since the time of Caliph Umar, the need for an independent prison building was felt, and he created Aram Prison. The construction of two prisons Nafi (reed) and Makhis (stone) in Kufa was by Imam Ali (a.s.). Also, Ali (a.s.) was the first person who allocated funds for the prison and salaries for the prisoners from the Muslim treasury in order to support the prisoners.